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Shaping global health policy : global social policy actors and ideas about health care systems
\"This book investigates global social policy in the field of health. While legal or regulatory obligations to run health systems have primarily remained at the level of national governments, the ideational and discursive exchanges about suitable models, appropriate reforms, and socially protective arrangements extends to various transnational forums across multiple scales. Using an approach that combines transnational and comparative social policy analysis with international relations, Shaping Global Health Policy assesses various global social policy actors and compares their ideas and prescriptions about national health care systems. These comprise governmental and non-governmental organisations, including the World Health Organisation, World Bank, International Labour Organisation, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Trade Organisation, the Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria, G8, G20, BRICS, and CSOs ('Global Health Watch'). The book particularly focuses upon the ensemble of health provision, financing and regulation to a comprehensive system of health and social protection. How global social policy actors guide specific national health policies is illustrated with the case of Polish health care reform in transition. Crucially, the book highlights the multiplicity of actors and the importance of considering health policies across multiple scales\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Negotiating trade liberalization at the WTO : domestic politics and bargaining dynamics
\"This book shows how domestic political institutions and the lack of time pressure have an impact on negotiations at the WTO. It provides detailed information on WTO ministerial meetings as well as on the political economy of trade policy in the EU, U.S., Brazil, and Australia\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
THE SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS TO THE POOR
We use a randomized controlled trial to study the response of poor households in rural Kenya to unconditional cash transfers from the NGO GiveDirectly. The transfers differ from other programs in that they are explicitly unconditional, large, and concentrated in time. We randomized at both the village and household levels; furthermore, within the treatment group, we randomized recipient gender (wife versus husband), transfer timing (lump-sum transfer versus monthly installments), and transfer magnitude (US$404 PPP versus US$1,525 PPP). We find a strong consumption response to transfers, with an increase in household monthly consumption from $158 PPP to $193 PPP nine months after the transfer began. Transfer recipients experience large increases in psychological well-being. We find no overall effect on levels of the stress hormone cortisol, although there are differences across some subgroups. Monthly transfers are more likely than lump-sum transfers to improve food security, whereas lump-sum transfers are more likely to be spent on durables, suggesting that households face savings and credit constraints. Together, these results suggest that unconditional cash transfers have significant impacts on economic outcomes and psychological well-being.
Journal Article
FIFA (Fâedâeration internationale de football association) : the men, the myths and the money
\"In this book, the history and underlying political dynamics characterizing the growth of FIFA and its relationships with global-regional federations and international associations are detailed in a helpful and concise introduction\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Labour, state and society in rural India
\"Behind India's high recent growth rates lies a story of societal conflict that is scarcely talked about. Across production sites, state institutions and civil society organisations, the dominant and less well-off sections of society are engaged in a protracted conflict that determines the material conditions of one quarter of the world's 'poor'. Increasingly mobile, and often engaged in multiple occupations in multiple locations, India's 'classes of labour' are highly segmented, but far from passive in the face of ongoing processes of exploitation and domination. Drawing on detailed fieldwork in rural South India over more than a decade, the book uses a 'class-relational' approach that focuses on 'the poor's' iniquitous relations with others, and views class in terms of contested social relations rather than structural locations marked by particular characteristics. The book explores continuity and change amongst forms of accumulation, exploitation and domination in three interrelated arenas of class relations: labour relations, the state and civil society. Marginal gains for labour derived from structural change are contested by capital, local state institutions and state poverty reduction programmes tend to be controlled by the dominant class, and civil society organisations tend to reproduce rather than challenge the status quo. On the other hand, elements of state policy have the capacity to improve the material conditions of 'the poor' where such ends are actively pursued by labouring class organisations. It is argued that social policy currently provides the most fertile terrain for redistributing power and resources to the labouring class, and may clear the way for more fundamental transformations.\"
eBook
The organization ecology of interest communities : assessment and agenda
\"The organization ecology approach to the study of interest representation and lobbying is now almost two decades old, and a substantial body of theoretical and empirical work in both the United States and Europe has developed using this approach. Critically assessing this body of work, this collection summarises the origins and development of this research program, grounding it more firmly in the larger literature on organization ecology. It provides critical assessments of this literature from those working outside of its theoretical and empirical confines to respond to those critics and to outline an agenda for research for the future using the organization ecology approach to interest representation. The contributions to the book provide a review of the research program for those using organization ecology to study interest representation, outlines how it contributes to the larger body of work on both interest representation and organization ecology, and encourages future research on interest representation from a community-level perspective. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Up and Down, and Inside Out: Where do We Stand on NGO Accountability?
This paper brings a review of the literature on accountability in development NGOs with a view to highlighting where we stand. There has been a shift from top-down approaches focussing on upward accountability mechanisms towards a growing literature that theorises and empirically investigates downward accountability mechanisms. This literature theorises a link between ownership of the development process and aid effectiveness. However, little attention has been paid to potential differences in the accountability mechanisms used in locally- and non-locally-owned NGOs. Considering that the members of locally-owned NGOs come from the same culture as the beneficiaries they serve, understanding how local NGOs’ implementation of accountability differs from other organisations would shed light on how to secure the trust of the beneficiaries. Such knowledge would assist NGOs globally to overcome the challenges of downward accountability and to enhance aid delivery.
Journal Article
Human rights and universal child primary education
\"This book examines the various issues surrounding universal child primary education in human rights and international politics. Specifically, the author explains the current state of child primary education, the international laws that support the right to free child primary education, the positive developments in the field as it relates to this goal of ensuring that all children have free schooling, all the while discussing remaining roadblocks in reaching this objective. The importance of free child primary education is raised, through looking at the benefits to free primary education in the world system and the role of international organizations, as well as NGOs in terms of universal education. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
MNC responses to international NGO activist campaigns
Multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in countries with a poor human rights record are often the target of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that argue that MNCs’ decisions to stay in those countries represents support of those repressive governments. Consequently, NGOs often develop global campaigns to pressure MNCs to divest from those countries. We study how MNCs respond to these pressures through the revelatory case of the global divestment campaign against Royal Dutch/Shell during the racist apartheid regime in South Africa in the 1980s. We combine archival-based historical research and visual rhetorical analysis, and find that Royal Dutch/Shell developed a strategy consisting of creating counter-narratives at three different levels for actors within the MNC that had different interests. First, the headquarters sought to avoid setting a precedent for future boycotts; second, the peripheral subsidiaries aimed to avoid having their reputation tarnished by what was happening in South Africa; and third, the focal subsidiary was fighting for its survival. Building from this case, we inductively offer a model to analyze MNC responses to global NGO activism and discuss implications for MNCs’ political activities, their role in the defense of human rights, and strategies of corporate social responsibility.
Journal Article