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Objective: To reflect on the use of electronic cigarettes among adolescents and the naturalization of this behavior through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus theory. Content synthesis: Theoretical and reflexive study structured around scientific articles that highlight the Bourdieu’s theory, enabling reflection on the incorporation of habitusamong adolescents, particularly regarding smoking and the naturalization of these behaviors within society.Conclusions: The analysis of electronic cigarette use among adolescents through the lens of Bourdieu’s theory reveals that, from the perspective of habitus, individuals’ internalized dispositions are shaped by social experiences and influenced by inter-actions and contexts, rather than by individual choice alone. This understanding is crucial for developing interventions to address the use of electronic cigarettes by adolescents, considering the complexity of the social relationships involved Objetivo: refletir sobre a utilização do cigarro eletrônico entre os adolescentes e sobre a naturalização do seu uso de acordo com o conceito nuclear de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu.Síntese de conteúdo: estudo teórico-reflexivo, estruturado a partir de artigos científicos que evidenciam a teoria bourdieusiana, a partir da qual é possível refletir sobre a incorporação de hábitos entre os adolescentes, sobretudo o tabagismo, e sobre a naturalização desses comportamentos em sociedade.Conclusões: a análise do uso do cigarro eletrônico em adolescentes por meio da lente de Bourdieu revela, a partir do habitus, que as disposições internalizadas pelos indivíduos são moldadas por suas experiências sociais, influenciadas por interações e contextos, ao invés de mera escolha individual. Essa compreensão pode ser crucial para o desenvolvimento de intervenções que abordem o uso do cigarro eletrônico em adolescentes, considerando a complexidade das relações sociais envolvidas. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos entre adolescentes y la naturalización de dicho uso a partir del concepto nuclear del habitus de Pierre Bourdieu.Síntesis de contenido: estudio teórico-reflexivo, estructurado mediante artículos científicos que evidencian la teoría bourdieusiana, desde la cual es posible reflexionar sobre la incorporación de hábitos en adolescentes, especialmente el tabaquismo y la naturalización de estos comportamientos en sociedad.Conclusiones: el análisis del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en adolescentes a través de la lente de Bourdie revela, a partir del concepto de habitus, que las disposicio-nes internalizadas de los individuos están moldeadas por sus experiencias sociales e influenciadas por interacciones y contextos, más que por una simple elección individual. Esta comprensión resulta crucial para el desarrollo de intervenciones que aborden el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en adolescentes, considerando la complejidad de las relaciones sociales involucradas.

ABSTRACT Nicotina stomatitis is the inflammation of the minor salivary glands present in the hard palate due to chronic smoking habit. The patients are mostly symptomless and present with multiple red discrete papules in the hard palate surrounded by grayish white areas. The histopathology of the lesion is discussed and cessation of the smoking habit treats the condition within 2-4 weeks.

In this study, we evaluated the potential use of Nicotina tabacum in controlling leech populations. After treating the leeches with different concentrations of N. tabacum for 30 min, the LC 50 values were analysed. Copper sulphate and ammonium chloride were used as positive controls. The anti-parasitic effect of N. tabacum was compared with positive controls. Our data showed that the LD 50 values for N. tabacum were 13 × 10 4  ppm which was considerable compared with positive control. Our finding offers an opportunity for using the plant for anti-parasite purposes.

Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by distinct vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) of the fungus Verticillium dahliae. Defoliating (VCG 1A) and non-defoliating (VCG 2A) pathotypes of V. dahliae have contributed to yield losses of cotton production in Australia. To study the virulence and the infection process of V. dahliae on cotton, two isolates, one representing each VCG, have been transformed with fluorescent protein genes. The transformants maintained their ability to infect the host, and both strains were observed to move through the plant vasculature to induce wilt symptoms. Furthermore, virulence testing suggests that the cotton V. dahliae strains can endophytically colonise common weed plant species found in the Australian landscape, and that is contrasted by their ability to infect and colonise native tobacco plants. The fluorescently labelled strains of V. dahliae not only allowed us to gain a thorough understanding of the infection process but also provided a method to rapidly identify recovered isolates from host colonisation studies.

To investigate and record the palatal changes in individuals habituated to reverse chutta smoking in rural coastal Andhra population. Sixty individuals out of whom 47 females and 13 males habituated to reverse smoking with no other tobacco and alcohol habits and no other systemic disturbances were selected. The palatal changes were recorded by six examiners. Database were searched for the following terms \"reverse smokers,\" \"nicotina palatini\" and \"palatal lesions.\" The mean and percentage prevalence of the each lesion recorded and agreed by six examiners among 60 subjects showed presence of 87.77% hyperpigmented areas, 64.44% depigmented areas, 51.66% excrescences, 32.22% potentially malignant lesions and 9.72% frank ulcerations. Reverse smoking is an endemic tobacco habit still practiced in the coastal rural Andhra Pradesh. It is a well-established and socially acceptable habit among adult females. The changes recorded clinically shows characteristic features that are unique among this population group.

Objetivo verificar, por meio da tecnologia de biomarcador de cotinina urinária, a ocorrência da doença da folha verde do tabaco em trabalhadores que cultivam tabaco do tipo Burley. Método estudo caso-controle pareado, com base no status tabágico e na proporção 1:4, com participação de 20 trabalhadores-caso e 91 controles. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada entrevista por meio de inquérito domiciliar e coleta de urina para exame de cotinina. Foram utilizados os testes t de Student, Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher. Resultados dos 23 casos suspeitos, 20 apresentaram níveis elevados de cotinina, sinais e sintomas de dor de cabeça, irritação de pele, náusea, enjoo e mal-estar geral, principalmente pela manhã. A maioria trabalhou com tabaco molhado decorrente do sereno e o clima estava quente. Conclusão verificam-se sinais sugestivos da doença da folha verde do tabaco nos trabalhadores do tabaco Burley. Faz-se necessária a atuação de profissionais de saúde no desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde e preventivas sobre essa doença relacionada ao trabalho. Objetivo certificar, por medio de la tecnología de biomarcador de cotinina urinaria, la ocurrencia de la Enfermedad del Tabaco Verde en trabajadores que cultivan tabaco del tipo Burley. Método estudio caso-control pareado, con base en el status tabáquico y en la proporción 1:4, con la participación de 20 trabajadores-caso y 91 controles. Para la recopilación de datos se realizó una encuesta por medio de cuestionario domiciliar y de recolección de orina para análisis de cotinina. Se utilizaron las siguientes pruebas t de Student, Mann-Whitney, chi-cuadrado de Pearson o exacta de Fisher. Resultados de los 23 casos sospechosos, 20 presentaron niveles elevados de cotinina, señales y síntomas de dolor de cabeza, irritación de la piel, náusea, mareo y malestar general, principalmente por la mañana. La mayoría trabajó con tabaco mojado por el sereno y en un clima caluroso. Conclusión se certifican señales sugestivas de Enfermedad del Tabaco Verde en los trabajadores del tabaco Burley. Se hace necesaria la actuación de profesionales de la salud en el desarrollo de acciones promotoras de salud y preventivas de esta enfermedad relacionado con el trabajo. Objective using the urinary cotinine biomarker to verify the occurrence of green tobacco sickness in workers who cultivate Burley tobacco. Method paired case-control study, based on smoking status and on the 1:4 ratio, with participation of 20 case workers and 91 controls. Data collection included household surveys and urine collection for cotinine examination. Student’s T-Test, the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used. Results of the 23 suspected cases, 20 showed elevated levels of cotinine, signs and symptoms of headache, skin irritation, nausea, sickness and general malaise, especially in the morning. Most had worked with tobacco that was wet from the morning dew and when the weather was warm. Conclusion there are signs suggestive of green tobacco sickness in Burley tobacco workers. The action of health professionals is necessary for the development of health promotion and preventive actions addressing work-related illness.

Herbivore attack is widely known to reduce food quality and to increase chemical defenses and other traits responsible for herbivore resistance. Inducible defenses are commonly thought to allow plants to forgo the costs of defense when not needed; however, neither their defensive function (increasing a plant's fitness) nor their cost-savings function have been demonstrated in nature. The root-produced toxin nicotine increases after herbivore attack in the native, postfire annual Nicotiana attenuata and is internally activated by the wound hormone, jasmonic acid. I treated the roots of plants with the methyl ester of this hormone (MeJA) to elicit a response in one member of each of 745 matched pairs of plants growing in native populations with different probabilities of attack from herbivores, and measured the lifetime production of viable seed. In populations with intermediate rates of attack, induced plants were attacked less often by herbivores and survived to produce more seed than did their uninduced counterparts. Previous induction did not significantly increase the fitness of plants suffering high rates of attack. However, if plants had not been attacked, induced plants produced less seed than did their uninduced counterparts. Jasmonate-induced responses function as defenses but are costly, and inducibility allows this species to forgo these costs when the defenses are unnecessary

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel wall. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. As an inflammatory molecule, C- reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although it has been confirmed that CRP level in smoking patient is significantly higher than non-smokers and cigarette withdrawal, it is unknown whether nicotine induces CRP expression in macrophages. The present study was to observe effect of nicotine on CRP production and the related signal pathway in U937 macrophages. The results showed that nicotine significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of CRP in U937 macrophages in time- and concentration-dependent ways. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotine-induced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages. The further study indicated that hexamethonium, PD98059, and SB203580 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-κB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.

Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoking, is the important risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. However, the mechanisms that underlie the cytotoxicity of nicotine in human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are largely unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of nicotine by means of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation in PDLSCs. We first detected α7 and β4 nAChRs in PDLSCs. The gene expressions of α7 and β4 nAChR were increased by nicotine administration. Nicotine significantly decreased cell viability at a concentration higher than 10∨-5 M. DNA fragmentation was also detected at high doses of nicotine treatment. Moreover, the detection of sub G1 phase and TUNEL assay demonstrated that nicotine significantly induced apoptotic cell death at 10-² M concentration. Western blot analysis confirmed that p53 proteins were phosphorylated by nicotine. Under various doses of nicotine, a decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but an increase in p53 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, was detected in a dose-dependent manner. However, the apoptotic effect of nicotine was inhibited by the pretreatment of α-bungarotoxin, a selective α7 nAChR antagonist or mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist. Finally, increases in the subG1 phase and DNA fragmentation by nicotine was attenuated by each nAChR antagonist. Collectively, the presence of α7 and β4 nAChRs in PDLSCs supports a key role of nAChRs in the modulation of nicotine-induced apoptosis.

Prevalencia y posibles factores asociados al consumo tabáquico en adolescentes escolarizados Prevalência e possíveis fatores associados ao consumo de tabaco em adolescentes escolarizados Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y los factores asociados a esta práctica en adolecentes de instituciones educativas oficiales del municipio de Palmira. Métodos: estudio transversal con un componente analítico, que incluyó 205 estudiantes de bachillerato de seis colegios oficiales. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 24. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron como proporciones, con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95 %; y las variables cuantitativas como medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, según la distribución de la variable. Para los factores asociados, se calcularon Odds ratio con su IC al 95 %, y el ajuste de variables se realizó a través de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la prevalencia global del consumo tabáquico fue del 38.5 %, IC 95 % (31.6-45.4 %); cigarrillo electrónico, del 20 %, IC 95 % (14.2-25.7 %); cigarrillo, del 18.5 %, IC 95 % (12.9-24.1 %); y narguile, del 17.9 %, IC 95 % (12.1-23 %), con más frecuencia en mujeres que en hombres. Los factores asociados fueron la edad (OR 3.17, IC 95 % [1.48-6.79]), tener novio que consuma tabaco (OR 2.51, IC 95 % (1.36-4.63 %), estar rodeado de amigos que fumen (OR 7.0, IC 95 % [3.4 -14.5]) y comprar cigarrillos sueltos (OR 2.60, IC 95 % (1.26-5.3). Conclusión: la prevalencia global del hábito tabáquico es superior a la reportada en adolescentes, mayor en el sexo femenino, con mayor frecuencia de consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos. Los factores asociados fueron la edad, tener novio o amigos que consuman tabaco y la posibilidad de comprar cigarrillos sueltos. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Moreno SP, Cruz FE, Calvo PA, Cubides AM, Tenorio MC, Jiménez DP. Prevalence and potential factors associated with tobacco consumption in schooled adolescents. Aquichan. 2020;20(1):e2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2020.20.1.3 Recibido: 29/08/2019 Aceptado: 29/01/2020 Publicado: 13/03/2020 Financiación: artículo producto de un proyecto financiado por la Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia; proyecto número 450-62118-215.