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Developing visual arts education in the United States : Massachusetts Normal Art School and the normalization of creativity
\"This book examines how Massachusetts Normal Art School became the alma mater par excellence for generations of art educators, designers, and artists. The founding myth of American art education is the story of Walter Smith, the school's first principal. This historical case study argues that Smith's students formed the professional network to disperse art education across the United States, establishing college art departments and supervising school art for industrial cities. As administrative progressives they created institutions and set norms for the growing field of art education. Nineteenth-century artists argued that anyone could learn to draw; by the 1920s, every child was an artist whose creativity waited to be awakened. Arguments for systematic art instruction under careful direction gave way to charismatic artist-teachers who sought to release artistic spirits. The task for art education had been redefined in terms of living the good life within a consumer culture of work and leisure.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Prevalence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A prospective, population-based study
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) causing gait impairment, dementia and urinary incontinence among the elderly, is probably under-diagnosed and under-treated. Despite being known since the 1960s, there is still a lack of prospective, population-based studies on the prevalence of iNPH. Such studies are warranted to minimize selection bias and estimate the true prevalence of the disease.
The prevalence of iNPH was determined in a randomly selected sample of residents, aged 65 years and older, in the Swedish county of Jämtland. Out of 1,000 individuals invited to participate, 673 (67.3%) completed a questionnaire with seven questions on iNPH symptoms. A subgroup, with and without self-reported symptoms, participated in clinical and radiological evaluations and were diagnosed according to international guidelines. Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure was not performed as it was considered too invasive.
Those who reported at least two symptoms in the questionnaire (n = 117) and 51 randomly selected individuals with 0-1 symptom participated in further examinations. Out of them, 25 individuals received the diagnosis probable iNPH according to American-European guidelines (except for the criterion of CSF opening pressure) corresponding to a prevalence of 3.7%. The prevalence of iNPH was four times higher among those aged 80 years and older (8.9%) than among those aged 65-79 years (2.1%) (p <0.001). The difference in prevalence between men (4.6%) and women (2.9%) was not significant (p = 0.24). When iNPH was diagnosed according to the Japanese guidelines the prevalence was 1.5.
In this prospective, population-based study the prevalence of iNPH was 3.7% among individuals 65 years and older, and more common in the higher age group, 80 years and above. INPH should be increasingly recognized since it is a fairly common condition and an important cause of gait impairment and dementia among the elderly that can be effectively treated by shunt surgery.
Journal Article
You didn't hear this from me : (mostly) true notes on gossip
\"Can you keep a secret? As the pandemic forced us to socialize at a distance, Kelsey McKinney was mourning the juicy updates, jaw-dropping stories, and idle chatter that she'd typically collect over drinks with friends. She realized she wasn't the only one missing these little morsels and her hunger for this aspect of normalcy took on a life of its own and the blockbuster Normal Gossip podcast was born. With listenership in the millions and gossip quickly becoming her day job, Kelsey found herself with the urge to think more critically about gossip as a form, to better understand the role that it plays in our culture. In YOU DIDN'T HEAR THIS FROM ME, McKinney explores the murkiness of everyday storytelling. Why is gossip considered a sin and how can we better recognize when gossip is being weaponized against the oppressed? Why do we think we're entitled to every detail of a celebrity's personal life because they are a public figure? And how do we even define \"gossip,\" anyway? She dishes on the art of eavesdropping and dives deep into how pop culture has changed the way that we look at hearsay. But as much as the book aims to treat gossip as a subject worthy of rigor, it also hopes to capture the heart of gossiping: how enchanting and fun it can be to lean over and whisper something a little salacious into your friend's ear. With wit and honesty, McKinney unmasks what we're actually searching for when we demand to know the truth - and how much the truth really matters in the first place\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The European iNPH Multicentre Study on the predictive values of resistance to CSF outflow and the CSF Tap Test in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Objective The objective was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the CSF Tap Test (CSF TT) and resistance to CSF outflow (Rout) for the outcome of shunting in a sample of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Methods 115 patients were included in this European multicentre study. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms and signs, and MRI changes. All patients were treated with programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunts and re-examined 12 months after surgery. Outcomes were measures with a newly developed iNPH Scale and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Before surgery, a CSF TT and measurement of Rout was performed, with the results blinded to all caregivers. The 12 month outcome was correlated with Rout and the result of the CSF TT. Results Rout and the results of the CSF TT showed no correlation with outcome measured by either domain, or with total iNPH score or mRS score. Only an increase in the gait task (10 m of walking at free speed) of the CSF TT correlated significantly (r=0.22, p=0.02) with improvement in iNPH score. The positive predictive value of both tests was >90% and the negative predictive value <20%. Rout >12 had an overall accuracy of 65% and the CSF TT 53%. Combining both tests did not improve their predictive power. No correlation was found between Rout and the results of the CSF TT. Conclusions Rout and the results of the CSF TT did not correlate with outcome after 12 months. Rout and CSF TT can be used for selecting patients for shunt surgery but not for excluding patients from treatment. Trial registration The study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00874198.
Journal Article
Biomechanical response of the CNS is associated with frailty in NPH-suspected patients
Frailty is known to predict dementia. However, its link with neurodegenerative alterations of the central nervous system (CNS) is not well understood at present. We investigated the association between the biomechanical response of the CNS and frailty in older adults suspected of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) presenting with markers of multiple co-existing pathologies. The biomechanical response of the CNS was characterized by the CNS elastance coefficient inferred from phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging and intracranial pressure monitoring during a lumbar infusion test. Frailty was assessed with an index of health deficit accumulation. We found a significant association between the CNS elastance coefficient and frailty, with an effect size comparable to that between frailty and age, the latter being the strongest known risk factor for frailty. Results were independent of CSF dynamics, showing that they are not specific to the NPH neuropathological condition. The CNS biomechanical characterization may help to understand how frailty is related to neurodegeneration and detect the shift from normal to pathological brain ageing.
Journal Article
Higher order (n,m)-Drazin normal operators
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the structure of
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-normal operators. This is a generalization of the class of
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Journal Article
Beyond early motor response: Longitudinal cognitive and gait assessments after extended lumbar drainage in normal pressure hydrocephalus
Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a multifactorial progressive disease affecting cognition, gait, and urinary continence, potentially reversible, or at least improvable, by a prompt surgical intervention. Given its potential surgical improvement, it is crucial to determine who will benefit of a ventriculo‐peritoneal shunt. To date, although several procedures are considered useful to diagnose iNPH, there is no agreement concerning the best timing of the clinical assessment or the role played by formal cognitive testing. Methods Thirty participants with suspected iNPH were assessed at baseline, 2, and 15 days after 24‐h extended lumbar drainage (ELD). Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) were administered in order to quantify motor and cognitive performances. The TUG was used to assess clinical response to ELD. Results Our sample showed significant differences between baseline assessment and follow‐ups in the majority of tests. Although some enhancements in performances appeared in the first post‐ELD assessment, both treatment responders and non‐responders showed better performances in the delayed assessment. Post hoc comparison found significant differences in each time point between the two groups. Conclusions These results emphasize the key role of performing multiple assessments post CSF drainage, as response can be more prominent in a delayed rather than an early phase.
Journal Article
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
Dietary Reference Intakes
for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient
intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This
new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values
for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes
nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance
and the reduction of chronic disease risk.
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in
human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the
establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages,
and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of
Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes
research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding
of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as
adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water,
sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable
reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.
eBook
Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids
Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following:
The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure
Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease
The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein
The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber
The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber
The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein
Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts
Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease.
eBook
On Moments of Folded and Truncated Multivariate Normal Distributions
Recurrence relations for integrals that involve the density of multivariate normal distributions are developed. These recursions allow fast computation of the moments of folded and truncated multivariate normal distributions. Besides being numerically efficient, the proposed recursions also allow us to obtain explicit expressions of low-order moments of folded and truncated multivariate normal distributions. Supplementary material for this article is available online.
Journal Article