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Purpose – The study investigates the performance of non-performing financing (NPF) in the housing sector concerning the asymmetric influence of macroeconomic conditions. Methodology – The study method adopts nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL), while the study data ranges from 2014 m6 to 2022 m2. Finding –The findings reveal an asymmetric relationship between macroeconomic variables and NPF in the short and long run. In addition, Covid-19 has worsened the NPF of Islamic banks' home financing in some sectors in the short run, while only such financing in the flat and apartment market has suffered during the pandemic in the long run. Implication – The implication of the study suggests that the Islamic banking industry and financial authority need robust risk management and financial policies, respectively, to achieve and maintain the stability of Islamic banks in home financing activities. Originality – The study is original in measuring the impact of macroeconomic influences on Islamic banks' home financing from a nonlinear viewpoint.

In the context of non-performing loans (NPLs) remaining a systemic risk that threatens financial stability and the efficiency of capital allocation, assessing their persistence and the factors influencing their dynamics is of critical theoretical and practical importance for Vietnam’s banking system. This study provides empirical evidence on the long-term persistence of NPLs and clarifies the role of macroeconomic conditions and bank-specific characteristics in explaining their fluctuations. A panel dataset comprising 24 listed joint-stock commercial banks over the period 2010–2024 is analyzed using complementary econometric techniques, including FE-cluster, FGLS, PCSE, and two-step System GMM estimators. These methods allow for controlling heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, cross-sectional dependence, and endogeneity simultaneously. The findings reveal strong NPL persistence, with lagged NPL coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.84 (p < 0.01), indicating that NPL shocks tend to persist and propagate over time. Bank profitability (ROA) has a negative and statistically significant effect on NPLs, helping to ease credit risk pressures. In contrast, the capital ratio is positively associated with NPLs, reflecting a higher risk tolerance among better-capitalized banks. Inflation exerts a positive and significant impact, whereas GDP growth shows limited influence. Based on these results, the study proposes several policy implications: strengthening risk management and countercyclical credit control; enhancing capital buffers; coordinating monetary and fiscal policies to stabilize the macroeconomic environment; and improving credit risk forecasting and management capacity. The findings provide robust empirical evidence to support policymakers, regulators, and bank managers in designing sustainable NPL control strategies, thereby reinforcing the stability of Vietnam’s financial system.

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research explores how non-performing loans (NPLs) affect economic growth while assuming that the economy can sustain a certain ratio of NPLs without disruption. Background Problems: Studies employing the threshold approach have not explicitly defined the upper limit of NPLs that supports economic growth. Novelty: This study adds to the existing literature by examining the non-linear relationship between NPLs and economic growth, grounded in two key assumptions: 1) the complete elimination of NPLs is unrealistic, and 2) a threshold level of NPLs exists. Research Methods: Based on this assumption, the study constructs a non-linear model with an inverted U-shape pattern, applying annual data from 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2010–2021 and employing dynamic panel data regression with the GMM estimator. Finding/Results: The results reveal that NPLs will have a negative impact on growth when the NPL ratio exceeds 5.8% in total credit and 2.4% for household credit. However, no inverted U-shaped pattern is observed for working capital and investment credit. In addition, bank credit in total, as well as working capital credit and household credit show a significant positive coefficient on growth, while investment credit has an insignificant negative coefficient. We also introduce the concept of NPLs-growth risk, categorizing it as risk-free, low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk based on the area under the curve. The findings indicate that the NPLs-growth risk in Indonesia is generally at a low level. Conclusion: Ensuring that NPLs remain within a safe threshold is essential for sustaining economic growth and avoiding financial instability.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of adopting neobanking on the market share of traditional banks in the UAE and test the influence of financial performance indicators on the banks’ market share after the digital transformation.   Theoretical framework: The financial service sector has been undergoing major transformation due to technological developments and innovations in terms of operating efficiency, client acquisition and organizational structure. Banks are accelerating digital transformation in an attempt to enhance digital presence, lower costs and gain market share.  Neobanking is a recent innovation in the Fintech space that has disrupted the financial services sector.   Design/methodology/approach: This study employs published data of quarterly financial statements from 2012- 2021. Chow Test was applied, with known structural breaks in the data, based on the implementation of neobanking and our results are based on pooled regression.   Findings: The results reveal that neobanking has influenced the bank specific factors and those factors have affected the market share. NPL, ROE and NIM are critical for the market share with each variable affecting all banks contrarily. This paper further identifies that NPL and NIM has a favourable impact on the market share of only one bank. Cost efficiency has no effect on the market share of the banks in the period after launching neobanking.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The study has important implications for the management of banks as the results affirm that structural changes made to adopt digital transformation by firms is the key to derive the favorable effects in terms of increased revenue, profitability and lower credit risk.   Originality/value: Neobanking is the most recent disruptor in the financial services sector and effect of digitalization in banking sector is becoming the focus of literature of commercial banks. This paper provides insights into bank specific variables that impact financial performance after its digital transformation.

This article presents a literature review of bank non-performing loans (NPLs) research around the world and suggests directions for future research.The study used the thematic and bibliometric literature review methodologies to present a review of the recent NPL literature that have emerged since 2020.Significant NPL research has emerged from the European, Asian and African regions, while fewer research studies have emerged from the Asia-Pacific, North America, Latin America and Caribbean regions as well as from the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. The new NPL determinants in the recent literature are corporate governance, fintech, financial inclusion, country risks, regulatory quality, political risks, shadow banking activity, the COVID-19 pandemic, public and/or external debt, country risks, real house prices and the independence of the central bank. The common regional NPL determinants are corruption, gross domestic product (GDP), debt, loan growth, inflation, capital adequacy ratio, lending rate, competition, the regulatory environment and GDP growth. The common theories used in the recent literature to explain the behavior of NPL are agency theory, stakeholder theory, information asymmetry theory and moral hazard theory, while the common empirical methodologies used are the panel regression and system generalized method of moments regression methods.Financial regulators, bank supervisors and banking scholars should pay attention to the new emerging determinants of NPL. They should also understand the effect of NPL on financial and/or banking stability so that safeguards can be put in place to minimize the adverse effect of NPLs. More research is needed to provide insights into this area.To date, no study has presented an overview of the post-2020 NPL literature to identify the new determinants and effects of NPL across several contexts and regions.

The objective of this research paper is to examine the impact of monetary policy conditions on bank risk-taking in the Western Balkan countries. The paper tries to identify if monetary policy conditions, especially money interest rates, may induce a greater appetite for bank risk-taking in the Western Balkan countries. The impact of macroeconomic and banking indicators on bank risk-taking will be examined, too. For this purpose, we apply pooled OLS techniques, Fixed and Random effects panel, and Hausman-Taylor Instrumental IV model. The econometric results show a negative correlation between the monetary policy rate and bank risk-taking, rejecting the hypothesis that monetary policy rates indicate bank risk increase. However, expansive credit policies or loan portfolio growth have a positive impact on bank risk-taking in the Western Balkans. The study is original, and its findings will be of value to Central Banks and other policymakers in the Western Balkan countries.

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of securitisation frameworks in Europe and Italy, with particular attention to recent legal and market developments. Following an overview of the regulatory foundation established by the Securitisation Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 and its implementation in the Italian context, the analysis turns to two increasingly utilised alternative structures governed by Articles 7.1 and 7.2 of Law No. 130 of 30 April 1999. These provisions, while rooted in the traditional legal framework for receivables securitisation, have introduced innovative mechanisms that enable securitisation of assets beyond conventional credit portfolios, including real estate assets and non-performing exposures. The study explores the legal mechanics and growing relevance of these tools, particularly in light of their role in the Italian market. The paper concludes that securitisations structured under Articles 7.1 and 7.2 are poised to play an increasingly strategic role in the Italian market, with the potential to generate positive spillover effects for the broader real economy, including small and medium-sized enterprises.

Microplastics (MPLs) and nanoplastics (NPLs) are smaller particles derived from larger plastic material, polymerization, or refuse. In context to environmental health, they are separated into the industrially-created “primary” category or the degradation derivative “secondary” category where the particles exhibit different physiochemical characteristics that attenuate their toxicities. However, some particle types are more well documented in terms of their fate in the environment and potential toxicological effects (secondary) versus their industrial fabrication and chemical characterization (primary). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR/µ-FTIR), Raman/µ-Raman, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR), Curie Point-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (CP-gc-MS), Induced Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Field Flow Fractionation-Multiple Angle Light Scattering (FFF-MALS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TGA), Differential Mobility Particle [Sizing] (DMPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microspectroscopy (STXM) are reviewed as part of a suite of characterization methods for physiochemical ascertainment and distinguishment. In addition, Optical-Photothermal Infrared Microspectroscopy (O-PTIR), Z-Stack Confocal Microscopy, Mueller Matrix Polarimetry, and Digital Holography (DH) are touched upon as a suite of cutting-edge modes of characterization. Organizations, like the water treatment or waste management industry, and those in groups that bring awareness to this issue, which are in direct contact with the hydrosphere, can utilize these techniques in order to sense and remediate this plastic polymer pollution. The primary goal of this review paper is to highlight the extent of plastic pollution in the environment as well as introduce its effect on the biodiversity of the planet while underscoring current characterization techniques in this field of research. The secondary goal involves illustrating current and theoretical avenues in which future research needs to address and optimize MPL/NPL remediation, utilizing nanotechnology, before this sleeping giant of a problem awakens.

Purpose – The study investigates the performance of non-performing financing (NPF) in the housing sector concerning the asymmetric influence of macroeconomic conditions. Methodology – The method of the study adopts nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL), while the data of the study ranges from 2014m6 to 2022m2.Finding – The findings reveal an asymmetric relationship between macroeconomic variables and NPF is present both in the short and long run. In addition, the COVID-19 has worsened the NPF of Islamic banks' home financing in some sectors in the short run, while only such financing in the flat and apartment market has suffered during the pandemic in the long run.Implication – The implication of the study suggests that the Islamic banking industry and financial authority need robust risk management and financial policies, respectively, to achieve and maintain the stability of Islamic banks in home financing activities. Originality – The study is original in measuring the impact of macroeconomic influences on Islamic banks' home financing from a nonlinear viewpoint.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of various factors on the level of non-performing loans (NPL) and, to determine the moderating role of efficiency on the relationship between different factors and NPL in China. The current study addressed four important factors to examine the role in relation to the NPL. These factors include; return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), economic sustainability and political instability index. Furthermore, the moderating role of efficiency is addressed between these factors and NPL. Secondary data is used in this study to consider the empirical results. Secondary data related to ROA, ROE, economic sustainability and political instability index is collected from different sources. Consistent with the literature, we found significant effect of ROA, ROE, economic sustainability and political instability index on NPL. Banking sector of China is majorly influenced by these factors due to the effect on NPLs. Furthermore, the efficiency has contribution to the NPLs as moderating variable. Results of this study are helpful for the management of banking industry to resolve various issues related to NPLs.