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Seals and status : the power of objects
For 7,000 years seals have functioned as signs of authority. This publication deals specifically with aspects of status in the history of seals, exploring this theme across a diverse range of cultural contexts-from the 9th century up to the Early Modern period, and, across the world, looking at Byzantine, European, Islamic and Chinese examples. These objects are united by the significant role they play in social status hierarchies, in the status of institutions, indications of power and finally in notions of relative status among objects themselves. In addition to their chronological and geographical diversity, these studies concentrate on many different phases of seal use. Therefore, together they highlight the importance of studying the full life cycle of seals, from the way in which they were made and used through to their cancellation, loss and sometimes destruction. The volume will look at seals used by all members of society, from kings to fishmongers, and will examine the history of objects, with examples ranging from the medieval matrix with a classical gem showing the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius to the 17th-century Providence Island matrix from America. This publication complements the British Museum's ongoing programme of the digitisation of the Museum's collection of medieval seal matrices which will widen access to this fascinating body of material.
Book
CEREAL EARS ON AKSUMITE COINS
Investigation of ears of cereals depicted on some Aksumite coins was conducted with the aim of identifying the species of the plants represented. A synthesis of this topic both in historical and numismatic studies and in archaeological and archaeobotanical research is given and an alternative view regarding past proposed identifications is discussed. Considering that both exogenous and endogenous influences converge in Aksumite coinage, it is proposed to include in the latter also the ears of cereals which could be identified as certain Ethiopian landraces of tetraploid free-threshing wheats that may have been cultivated during the Aksumite period.
The importance of the cereal cultivation and rich plant biodiversity of the Ethio-Eritrean Highland, both now and in the past, is highlighted. This had been underlined by the Russian botanist Vavilov who included this area among what he called the primary centres of origin of the tetraploid wheats. Furthermore, the importance of cereal cultivation in this region during the past is attested both by the already known Ethio-Eritrean archaeobotanical record, which is summarized here, and by new archaeobotanical investigations carried out in the Eritrean coastal site of Adulis.
Journal Article
DIGITAL NUMISMATICS OF ANCIENT ROME: THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE DATABASES
The article is devoted to the study of the latest research methods of archaeological coin finds fromthe era of Ancient Rome. The paper reviews the online databases of large-scale projects that were created over thepast few years with the assistance of the American Numismatic Association and are devoted to the study of coinsand coin-hoards of the Roman Empire.The main goal of the research was to create a general overview and description of the information content of opendatabases, which can allow a digital analysis of Roman numismatics. The conducted review helps to determine theprospects for the use of digital tools in numismatic research and contributes to the deepening of knowledge aboutthe cultural heritage of the Roman Empire.A content analysis of information resources was carried out, aimed at an objective description of the textual, graph-ic and multimedia content of the material that contains the resource using the same methods and approaches thatare similar to the analysis of textual and graphic materials.
Journal Article
The Greek Inscriptions on the Coinage of Count Baldwin II of Edessa (1100-18)
The county of Edessa was the first of the four principalities founded in the Near East in the course of the First Crusade (1096-9). It was established during the winter of 1097-8 when the crusader Baldwin of Boulogne, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, liberated several towns and strongholds in northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia from Turkish rule with the help of local Christian Armenian allies. The county was the first of the Prankish principalities to issue coins. There are several different series attributed to Baldwin I of Boulogne (1098-1100), Baldwin II of Bourcq (1100-18), Richard of the Principate of Salemo (regent while Baldwin II was in Turkish captivity in 1104-8), Joscelin I (1119-31) and Joscelin II (1131-50). Apart from a unique coin with a Syriac legend attributed to Joscelin II, the language used on all the comital coinages was Greek. The aim of this short article is to consider what one aspect of the Greek legends may reveal about the cultural background of the production of coins in Edessa.
Journal Article
Nummi Digitali: A pioneering multimodal platform for numismatic heritage
This work presents a pioneering multimodal platform designed for the study, cataloging, and dissemination of numismatic heritage: “ Nummi Digitali”. This ecosystem enables a web-based structured recording of coin data according to Italian ministerial standards, international interoperability protocols, and Linked Open Data (LOD) principles. The back end facilitates rigorous cataloging and integration of high-resolution 2D imaging, 3D metric models, and archaeometric data—including non-invasive XRF analysis of alloy composition—while the front-end provides interactive access for researchers and the public. The platform’s architecture supports multilevel user interaction, offering advanced analytical tools for specialists and accessible visualization for broader audiences. For the first time, a unified digital infrastructure connects traditional numismatic metadata with metrological, physical and chemical data, establishing a new paradigm in digital numismatics. Initially, the system was tested on a core collection of Greek, Punic, and Roman coins belonging to the “A. Salinas” Regional Archaeological Museum in Palermo (Italy), achieving significant outcomes in terms of scientific analysis, historical contextualization, and public engagement. Its scalable and standards-compliant design positions “ Nummi Digitali” as a transformative model for interdisciplinary research and digital cultural heritage.
Journal Article
Die Boxes, Workstations, Graph Theory and Die Charts
Numismatic handbooks often explain die studies with an image. The neat die chart, with no crossing lines, is explained by the fact that dies were used to exhaustion and then replaced, in one single sequence. Anyone with a little experience of die studies, however, knows that die charts very rarely occur in this form. It is far more common that they involve crossed lines, which are normally explained either by the operation of multiple workstations in parallel, or the existence of a die box, by which multiple dies were made available for use at any one time. Which of these explanations is accepted has potentially important ramifications for our understanding of the coinage in question, particularly regarding the intensity of production. Multiple workstations allow for the production of the same volume of coinage in a shorter time period, a benefit that does not accrue from the use of a die box.
Journal Article