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A comprehensive guide to Verdi's NABUCCO, featuring Principal Characters in the opera, Brief Story Synopsis, Story Narrative with Music Highlight Examples, and an insightful and in depth Commentary and Analysis by Burton D. Fisher, noted opera author and lecturer.

It has long been argued that opera is all about sex.Siren Songsis the first collection of articles devoted to exploring the impact of this sexual obsession, and of the power relations that come with it, on the music, words, and staging of opera. Here a distinguished and diverse group of musicologists, literary critics, and feminist scholars address a wide range of fascinating topics--from Salome's striptease to hysteria to jazz and gender--in Italian, English, German, and French operas from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. The authors combine readings of specific scenes with efforts to situate these musical moments within richly and precisely observed historical contexts. Challenging both formalist categories of musical analysis and the rhetoric that traditionally pits a male composer against the female characters he creates, many of the articles work toward inventing a language for the study of gender and opera. The collection opens with Mary Ann Smart's introduction, which provides an engaging reflection on the state of gender topics in operatic criticism and musicology. It then moves on to a foundational essay on the complex relationships between opera and history by the renowned philosopher and novelist Catherine Clément, a pioneer of feminist opera criticism. Other articles examine the evolution of the \"trouser role\" as it evolved in the lesbian subculture offin-de-siècleParis, the phenomenon ofopera seria's\"absent mother\" as a manifestation of attitudes to the family under absolutism, the invention of a \"hystericized voice\" in Verdi'sDon Carlos,and a collaborative discussion of the staging problems posed by the gender politics of Mozart's operas. The contributors are Wye Jamison Allanboork, Joseph Auner, Katherine Bergeron, Philip Brett, Peter Brooks, Catherine Clement, Martha Feldman, Heather Hadlock, Mary Hunter, Linda Hutcheon and Michael Hutcheon, M.D., Lawrence Kramer, Roger Parker, Mary Ann Smart, and Gretchen Wheelock.

The usage of energy is as old as humanity itself. From past to present, humans has used energy to sat isfy their most basic needs like providing themselves heat and for nutrition. Thereafter, energy started to be used for industrial activities. With the transition in the production process after the Industrial Revolution, energy became one of the most strategic requirements for nations. The foundation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 and the establishment of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) stemming from the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and the European Economic Community (EEC) laid the foundations of the European Union (EU). Two thirds of the organizations which founded the EU have focused onenergy which shows the importance of issues related to energy sharing in the establishment of the Union. In this article, EU energy policies are discussed within the context of energy supply security, focusing firstly on how the general lines of the EU’s energy profile will unfold along with their strengths and weaknesses. It will then continue by discussing the historical process energy policies of the Union will be determined. In the following section, this article will attempt to ascertain the degree of energy supply security in the EU as well as examine the policies of the Union within the context of increasing security in energy supply.

Because of the decrease in domestic production in Europe, additional natural gas volumes will be required. In addition to Nord Stream, the major import pipeline projects, Nabucco and South Stream, have been announced to provide further gas supplies to Europe. This raises the question concerning whether and how these projects contribute to the European Union's focus on security of supply. Applying the natural gas infrastructure model TIGER, this paper investigates the impact of these pipeline projects on southeastern Europe's gas supply. Gas flows and marginal cost prices are evaluated in general and considering the possibility of supply disruptions via Ukraine for the year 2020. The model results show a positive impact of these pipelines on security of supply despite few consumer cut-offs that result from intra-European bottlenecks. South Stream is only highly utilized in case of a Ukraine crisis, supporting the idea that its main purpose is to bypass Ukraine.

The aim of this article is to present the collaboration between companies in the energy sector in Austria and Germany. During the financial crisis 2008–2012, Austrian energy companies became important partners of German firms supplying Germany with the energy necessary for industries and households. In addition, companies from Austria and Germany participated in the first phase of construction of the pipeline Nabucco. Thanks to manage capital of Austrian and German companies, they may now jointly pursue the objective of expansion in third countries market. After the energy reform, known as the Energiewende, Germany needs more electricity, which largely provide the company with a smaller,but equally high-tech Republic of Austria.

This article aims to determine if the European Commission was successful in the securitization of the Russian South Stream pipeline. The Commission tried to convince the participating Member States to abandon the South Stream project in favor of the competing Nabucco pipeline. The discursive analysis showed that all the participating countries accepted the security of supplies as a referent object. Nevertheless, they did not accept certain measures advocated by the Commission, i.e. a supranational approach to energy security and amendments of the intergovernmental agreements concluded with Russia. Instead, the participating Member States were using their alternative discourses in order to resist this securitization. The European Commission was able to stop the South Stream project only through a direct, non-discursive intervention against Bulgaria, which, after the start of the infringement procedure, suspended its participation in the project. The other participating countries accepted this intervention, yet they did not support it.

The thourough analysis of historical sources from the beginning of the year 1859 shows that the famous acrostic VIVA VERDI was not only widely known in Italy but also throughout Europe. However, it was not associated with any political activities of the composer Giuseppe Verdi. The reason is that Verdi’s operas already during the revolutionary months of 1848 were not understood as political ‘Risorgimento’ operas. The causes for political demonstrations during performances of Verdi’s operas were either coincidentally or provoked by political circumstances which were independent of the operas. Verdi’s operas were, in any case, not the causes of spontaneous patriotic emotions.

The energy trade between the European Union and Russia is securitized due to a combination of factors. First, there are securitizing agents within the European Union. Second, the domestic consolidation of the energy sector under governmental control, the Gazprom monopoly on transportation networks linking Central Asian gas with European markets and the state imposed-limits on foreign direct investment may also raise concerns in the European Union. Finally, Russia is also securitizing the energy sphere by claiming that the EU is trying to impose its values on Russia (for example through the Energy Charter Treaty), which contradicts Russian interests. This article combines securitization theory and the English School of thought and argues that the creation of an Energy Security Society could help de-securitize energy trade between the European Union and Russia.

Well-known for leading audiences to a new appreciation of Verdi as a subtle and elaborate musical thinker, Pierluigi Petrobelli here turns his attention to the intriguing question of how musical theater works. In this collection of lively, penetrating essays, Petrobelli analyzes specific operas, mainly by Verdi, in terms of historical context, musical organization, and dramaturgical conventions. Originally published in 1995. ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

South Stream and Nabucco are planned southern corridor projects for natural gas supply to Europe. South Stream is a Russian construction project of the gas pipeline with the capacity of 63 bcm of natural gas per year. It will connect Russia with Austria through Black Sea, Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary, and with southern Italy through Greece and Ionian Sea, respectively. Nabucco is a European Union planned gas pipeline with the capacity of 31 bcm per year. If built, it will connect Caspian Region and Middle East with Austria through Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. Gas sources for South Stream pipeline are known and available, however it’s construction will be expensive. Nabucco gas pipeline construction costs will be two times less, but the unresolved political relations and non-existent infrastructure have caused it to have no available gas sources at the moment. Countries like Bulgaria and Hungary are involved with both projects, indicating the importance of both projects. In this paper SWOT analysis of the proposed projects was done and it has shown that there is a great chance Nabucco won’t be built if South Stream materializes first (the paper is published in Croatian).