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"Nanofluids"
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Nanotechnology applications in green energy systems
\"This book will be beneficial for students, researchers and scientists working in the field of green energy systems. In the last few decades, green energy technologies have gained significant interest. The increase of heat transfer in green energy technologies is one of the most important concerns in energy collection, energy storage, energy utilization, energy conservation, and optimum design. Since nanofluids/nano-enhanced phase change materials are used to increase heat transfer characteristics and thermal properties compared to conventional fluids/phase change materials, the performance of green energy technologies can be improved. These novel strategies are gaining interest to researchers and authors in recent years. This book presents the various applications of nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids, and nano-enhanced phase change materials in green energy technologies such as solar thermal energy storage, photovoltaic/thermal systems, tracking and non-tracking solar collectors, solar thermal power plant, and wind turbine cooling systems. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluids and nano-enhanced phase change materials are also presented. This book also overviews the challenges and opportunities in implementing the nanofluids/nano-enhanced phase change materials application in green energy technologies\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Comparative study of some non-Newtonian nanofluid models across stretching sheet: a case of linear radiation and activation energy effects
The use of renewable energy sources is leading the charge to solve the world’s energy problems, and non-Newtonian nanofluid dynamics play a significant role in applications such as expanding solar sheets, which are examined in this paper, along with the impacts of activation energy and solar radiation. We solve physical flow issues using partial differential equations and models like Casson, Williamson, and Prandtl. To get numerical solutions, we first apply a transformation to make these equations ordinary differential equations, and then we use the MATLAB-integrated bvp4c methodology. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. In addition to numerical and tabular studies of the skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and local Nusselt number, important components of the flow field are graphically shown and analyzed. Consistent with previous research, this work adds important new information to the continuing conversation in this area. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. Comparing the Casson nanofluid to the Williamson and Prandtl nanofluids, it is found that the former has a lower velocity. Compared to Casson and Williamson nanofluid, Prandtl nanofluid advanced in heat flux more quickly. The transfer of heat rates are
25.87
%
,
33.61
%
and
40.52
%
at
R
d
=
0.5
,
R
d
=
1.0
, and
R
d
=
1.5
, respectively. The heat transfer rate is increased by
6.91
%
as the value of
Rd
rises from 1.0 to 1.5. This study is further strengthened by a comparative analysis with previous research, which is complemented by an extensive table of comparisons for a full evaluation.
Journal Article
Mixed convection flow caused by an oscillating cylinder in a square cavity filled with Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid
The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of Cu–Al
2
O
3
/water hybrid nanofluid and Al
2
O
3
/water nanofluid on the mixed convection inside a square cavity caused by a hot oscillating cylinder. The governing equations are first transformed into dimensionless form and then discretized over a non-uniform unstructured moving grid with triangular elements. The effects of several parameters, such as the nanoparticle volume fraction, the Rayleigh number, the amplitude of the oscillation, and the period of the oscillation of the cylinder are investigated numerically. The results indicate that the motion of the oscillating cylinder toward the top and bottom walls increases the average Nusselt number when the Rayleigh number is low. Furthermore, the presence of Al
2
O
3
and Cu–Al
2
O
3
nanoparticles leads to an increase in the values of the average Nusselt number
Nu
avg
for cases of low values of the Rayleigh number. It is found that the natural convection heat transfer rate of a simple Al
2
O
3
/water nanofluid is better than that of Cu–Al
2
O
3
/water hybrid nanofluid.
Journal Article
Nanofluidics
This PrimeView highlights how to measure fluid properties in artificial nanopores.
Journal Article
Effects of hybrid Al2O3-CNT nanofluids and cryogenic cooling on machining of Ti–6Al–4V
Owing to superior physio-chemical characteristics, titanium alloys are widely adopted in numerous fields such as medical, aerospace, and military applications. However, titanium alloys have poor machinability due to its low thermal conductivity which results in high temperature during machining. Numerous lubrication and cooling techniques have already been employed to reduce the harmful environmental footprints and temperature elevation and to improve the machining of titanium alloys. In this current work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of two cooling and lubrication techniques namely cryogenic cooling and hybrid nanoadditive–based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The key objective of this experimental research is to compare the influence of cryogenic CO
2
and hybrid nanofluid–based MQL techniques for turning Ti–6Al–4V. The used hybrid nanofluid is alumina (Al
2
O
3
) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in vegetable oil. Taguchi-based L9 orthogonal-array was used for the design of the experiment. The design variables were cutting speed, feed rate, and cooling technique. Results showed that the hybrid nanoadditives reduced the average surface roughness by 8.72%, cutting force by 11.8%, and increased the tool life by 23% in comparison with the cryogenic cooling. Nevertheless, the cryogenic technique showed a reduction of 11.2% in cutting temperature compared to the MQL-hybrid nanofluids at low and high levels of cutting speed and feed rate. In this regard, a milestone has been achieved by implementing two different sustainable cooling/lubrication techniques.
Journal Article
Local thermal non-equilibrium analysis of conjugate free convection within a porous enclosure occupied with Ag–MgO hybrid nanofluid
Current investigation aims to analyze the conjugate free convection inside a porous square cavity occupied with Ag–MgO hybrid nanofluid using the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model. Hybrid nanofluids are a novel kind of enhanced working fluids, engineered with enhanced thermo-physical and chemical properties. Two solid walls located between the horizontal bounds in two sides of cavity play the role of a conductive interface between the hot and cold walls, and moreover, the top and bottom bounds have been insulated. The governing differential equations are obtained by Darcy model and then for better representation of the results, converted into a dimensionless form. The finite element method is utilized to solve the governing equations. To evaluate the correctness and accuracy of the results, comparisons have been performed between the outcomes of this work and the previously published results. The results indicate that using the hybrid nanoparticles decreases the flow strength and the heat transfer rate. The heat transfer rate augments when
R
k
rises and the flow strength augments when
Ra
grows. Enhancing the porosity increases strongly the size and strength of the vortex composed inside the porous medium. When
K
r
is low, the heat transfer rate is low and by increasing
K
r
, thermal fields become closer to each other. The effect of hybrid nanoparticles on thermal fields with the thinner solid walls is more than that the thicker ones. An increment in
H
eventuates the enhancement of heat transfer and hence, the thermal boundary layer thickness. By increasing the volume fraction of the hybrid nanoparticles,
Nu
hnf
and
Nu
s
decrease in constant
Ra
. Besides, increase in
Ra
enhances the
Nu
hnf
and
Nu
s
. For a certain
d
, the reduction of
Nu
s
due to using the hybrid nanoparticles is more than that for
Nu
hnf
. The increment of
d
lessens
Nu
hnf
for all values of
K
r
and has not specific trends for
Nu
s
. Utilizing hybrid nanoparticles decreases
Nu
s
(except
d
= 0.4), rises
Nu
s
when
K
r
< 18, while it can increase
Nu
s
for
K
r
> 42. In constant
d
, increment of
H,
respectively, decreases and boosts
Nu
hnf
and
Nu
s
. For all values of
d
, increment of
ε
declines
Nu
hnf
. In low value of
d
, the increase in
ε
reduces
Nu
s
, whereas at higher values,
Nu
s
has continuously enhancing trend. For different values of
d
, the increase in
ε
scrimps
Nu
hnf
. The increment of
d
and also
ε
, and
H
are, respectively, decreases and increases the heat transfer rate.
Journal Article
An experimental investigation on the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using eco-friendly treated graphene nanoplatelets–water nanofluids
The research on the use of nanofluids in thermal energy devices, like solar collectors, has secured a high place in the scientific community of recent years. In the present study, the effects of clove-treated graphene nanoplatelet nanofluids on the performance of flat-plate solar collector were investigated. For this, the graphene nanoplatelets and clove buds were covalently functionalized using the one-pot technique. Zeta potential test was conducted to check the stability of the graphene nanoplatelets–water nanofluid and found highly stable for 45 days. In the next step, three different mass concentrations 0.025 mass%, 0.075 mass% and 0.1 mass% were synthesized. The thermal performance of flat-plate solar collector at these three concentrations of the nanofluids of three different mass flow rates 0.0133, 0.0200 and 0.0260 kg s
−1
m
−2
was investigated in the next step. The results revealed that the thermal performance of solar collector enhances with the increase in mass concentration and mass flow rates and decreases with an increase in reduced temperature parameter. The highest thermal performance of a solar collector has reached 78% at mass concentration 0.1 mass% and flow rate 0.0260 kg s
−1
m
−2
which is 18.2% higher than water at the same flow rate conditions.
Journal Article