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"Nanostructures - chemistry"
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First-in-human controlled inhalation of thin graphene oxide nanosheets to study acute cardiorespiratory responses
Graphene oxide nanomaterials are being developed for wide-ranging applications but are associated with potential safety concerns for human health. We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled study to determine how the inhalation of graphene oxide nanosheets affects acute pulmonary and cardiovascular function. Small and ultrasmall graphene oxide nanosheets at a concentration of 200 μg m
−
3
or filtered air were inhaled for 2 h by 14 young healthy volunteers in repeated visits. Overall, graphene oxide nanosheet exposure was well tolerated with no adverse effects. Heart rate, blood pressure, lung function and inflammatory markers were unaffected irrespective of graphene oxide particle size. Highly enriched blood proteomics analysis revealed very few differential plasma proteins and thrombus formation was mildly increased in an ex vivo model of arterial injury. Overall, acute inhalation of highly purified and thin nanometre-sized graphene oxide nanosheets was not associated with overt detrimental effects in healthy humans. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of carefully controlled human exposures at a clinical setting for risk assessment of graphene oxide, and lay the foundations for investigating the effects of other two-dimensional nanomaterials in humans. Clinicaltrials.gov ref: NCT03659864.
Assessment of the health risks of exposure to anthropogenic nanomaterials is crucial to maximize their potential applications. This double-blind, randomized controlled study in healthy humans evaluates the impact of inhalation of graphene oxide nanosheets on acute pulmonary and cardiovascular functions.
Journal Article
Renewable materials and green technology products : environmental and safety aspects
\"Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
NIR-laser-triggered gadolinium-doped carbon dots for magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery and combined photothermal chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer
Background
Owing to high genetic diversities of tumor cells and low response rate of standard chemotherapy, patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have short progression-free survivals and poor outcomes, which need to explore an effective approach to improve therapeutic efficacy.
Methods
Novel gadolinium doped carbon dots (Gd@CDs) have been designed and prepared through hydrothermal method with 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) and gadolinium chloride. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized. Taking advantage of good biocompatibility of Gd@CDs, a nanoplatform based on Gd@CDs has been developed to co-deliver chemotherapy drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) and a near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agent, IR825 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided photothermal chemotherapy for TNBC.
Results
The as-synthesized Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs displayed favorable MRI ability in vivo
.
Upon NIR laser irradiation, Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs could convert the NIR light to heat and efficiently inhibit tumor growth through photothermal chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the impact of photothermal chemotherapy on the murine motor coordination was assessed by rotarod test. Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs presented low toxicity and high photothermal chemotherapy efficiency.
Conclusion
A noble theranostic nanoplatform (Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs) was developed that could be tailored to achieve loading of Dox and IR825, intracellular delivery, favorable MRI, excellent combination therapy with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to enhance therapeutic effect against TNBC cells. This study will provide a promising strategy for the development of Gd-based nanomaterials for MRI and combinational therapy for TNBC.
Graphic abstract
Journal Article
Advances in green and sustainable nanomaterials : applications in energy, biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental science
\"Sustainable development has been gaining momentum in the modern world, and the use of nanomaterials in various applications is expanding. This volume explores the increasing valuable use of green nanomaterials in energy production and storage, green nanomaterials in biomedical applications, and green nanotechnology for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Providing an overview of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of green and sustainable nanomaterials, the volume provides a varied selection of examples in practice. Key features of Advances in Green and Sustainable Nanomaterials: Applications in Energy, Biomedicine, Agriculture, and Environmental Science include: Provides valuable information on standard protocols for the synthesis of green nanomaterials; Promotes advanced technologies for applications of green and sustainable nanomaterials; Demonstrates numerous characterization tools for working with sustainable nanomaterials; Explores various application areas of the synthesized nanomaterials. With the major goal of this volume to take stock of sophistication in the development of a spectrum of recent nanomaterials that are eco-benign and sustainable, this volume will be a valuable addition to the libraries of faculty and scientists in green and sustainable chemistry and engineering.\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Direct observation of stepwise movement of a synthetic molecular transporter
Controlled motion at the nanoscale can be achieved by using Watson-Crick base-pairing to direct the assembly and operation of a molecular transport system consisting of a track, a motor and fuel, all made from DNA. Here, we assemble a 100-nm-long DNA track on a two-dimensional scaffold, and show that a DNA motor loaded at one end of the track moves autonomously and at a constant average speed along the full length of the track, a journey comprising 16 consecutive steps for the motor. Real-time atomic force microscopy allows direct observation of individual steps of a single motor, revealing mechanistic details of its operation. This precisely controlled, long-range transport could lead to the development of systems that could be programmed and routed by instructions encoded in the nucleotide sequences of the track and motor. Such systems might be used to create molecular assembly lines modelled on the ribosome.
Journal Article
Clinical, Biochemical and Molecular Evaluations of Ivermectin Mucoadhesive Nanosuspension Nasal Spray in Reducing Upper Respiratory Symptoms of Mild COVID-19
Ivermectin is an FDA-approved broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent that has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication
.
We aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin mucoadhesive nanosuspension intranasal spray in treatment of patients with mild COVID-19.
This clinical trial included 114 patients diagnosed as mild COVID-19. Patients were divided randomly into two age and sex-matched groups; group A comprising 57 patients received ivermectin nanosuspension nasal spray twice daily plus the Egyptian protocol of treatment for mild COVID-19 and group B comprising 57 patients received the Egyptian protocol for mild COVID-19 only. Evaluation of the patients was performed depending on improvement of presenting manifestations, negativity of two consecutive pharyngeal swabs for the COVID-19 nucleic acid via rRT-PCR and assessments of hematological and biochemical parameters in the form of complete blood counts, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and d-dimer which were performed at presentation and 7 days later.
Of the included patients confirmed with mild COVID-19, 82 were males (71.9%) and 32 females (28.1%) with mean age 45.1 ± 18.9. In group A, 54 patients (94.7%) achieved 2 consecutive negative PCR nasopharyngeal swabs in comparison to 43 patients (75.4%) in group B with P = 0.004. The durations of fever, cough, dyspnea and anosmia were significantly shorter in group A than group B, without significant difference regarding the duration of gastrointestinal symptoms. Duration taken for nasopharyngeal swab to be negative was significantly shorter in group A than in group B (8.3± 2.8 days versus 12.9 ± 4.3 days; P = 0.0001).
Local use of ivermectin mucoadhesive nanosuspension nasal spray is safe and effective in treatment of patients with mild COVID-19 with rapid viral clearance and shortening the anosmia duration.
NCT04716569; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04716569.
Journal Article
Applications of metal-organic frameworks and their derived materials
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline polymers constructed by metal sites and organic building blocks. Since the discovery of MOFs in the 1990s, they have received tremendous research attention for various applications due to their high surface area, controllable morphology, tunable chemical properties, and multifunctionalities, including MOFs as precursors and self-sacrificing templates for synthesizing metal oxides, heteroatom-doped carbons, metal-atoms encapsulated carbons, and others. Thus, awareness and knowledge about MOFs and their derived nanomaterials with conceptual understanding are essential for the advanced material community.
This breakthrough new volume aims to explore down-to-earth applications in fields such as biomedical, environmental, energy, and electronics. This book provides an overview of the structural and fundamental properties, synthesis strategies, and versatile applications of MOFs and their derived nanomaterials. It gives an updated and comprehensive account of the research in the field of MOFs and their derived nanomaterials.
Whether as a reference for industry professionals and nanotechnologists or for use in the classroom for graduate and postgraduate students, faculty members, and research and development specialists working in the area of inorganic chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering, this is a must-have for any library.
eBook
Two-Dimensional Magnesium Phosphate Nanosheets Promote Antibacterial Effects and Wound Closure
NeoPhylaxis is a patented two-dimensional (2D) magnesium phosphate (MgP) hydrogel, initially approved in 2023 for dental applications such as implant decontamination, it has demonstrated strong safety and efficacy. This study explores its repurposing for antimicrobial and wound healing applications.
To synthesize, characterize, and investigate the antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and wound-healing potential of MgP hydrogel.
The MgP hydrogel was synthesized via controlled crystallization of a sodium magnesium-phosphate system. Its structural and compositional properties were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated in vitro, while biocompatibility and wound healing efficacy were assessed in vivo using BALB/c mouse model. Mechanistic insights into the hydrogel's antibacterial properties were further investigated via SEM and TEM.
MgP hydrogels exhibited a dose-dependent antibacterial effect, reducing
by at least 10-fold and
by over 20-fold compared to controls. SEM and TEM analyses revealed extensive bacterial cell damage, including membrane deformation and compromised cell wall integrity. Treated mice displayed no signs of irritation, erythema, or edema post hydrogel treatment. Wound closure was significantly enhanced in MgP-treated mice, reaching 46% by Day 5 vs 37% in controls (p =0.008).
These findings highlight the potential of 2D MgP nanosheets as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for antimicrobial and wound healing applications.
Journal Article
Synthetic RNA–protein complex shaped like an equilateral triangle
Synthetic nanostructures consisting of biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids have been constructed using bottom-up approaches
1
,
2
. In particular, Watson–Crick base pairing has been used to construct a variety of two- and three-dimensional DNA nanostructures
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
. Here, we show that RNA and the ribosomal protein L7Ae can form a nanostructure shaped like an equilateral triangle that consists of three proteins bound to an RNA scaffold. The construction of the complex relies on the proteins binding to kink-turn (K-turn) motifs in the RNA
11
,
12
,
13
, which allows the RNA to bend by ∼60° at three positions to form a triangle. Functional RNA–protein complexes constructed with this approach could have applications in nanomedicine
14
,
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and synthetic biology
14
,
16
,
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,
18
.
Interactions between RNA strands and ribosomal proteins can be used to make functional nanostructures that could have applications in nanomedicine and synthetic biology.
Journal Article