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Transport in multilayered nanostructures : the dynamical mean-field theory approach
\"Over the last 25 years, dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) has emerged as one of the most powerful new developments in many-body physics. Written by one of the key researchers in the field, this book presents the first comprehensive treatment of this ever-developing topic. Transport in Mutlilayered Nanostructures is varied and modern in its scope, and: Develops the formalism of many-body Green's functions using the equation-of-motion approach Applies DMFT to study transport in multilayered nanostructures, which is likely to be one of the most prominent applications of nanotechnology in the coming years Develops formalism first for the bulk and then for the inhomogeneous multilayered systems Describes in great detail the science behind the metal-insulator transition, electronic charge reconstruction, strongly correlated contributions to capacitance, and superconductivity Includes complete derivations and emphasizes how to carry out numerical calculations, including discussions of parallel programming algorithms Provides descriptions of the crossover from tunneling to thermally activated transport, of the properties of Josephson junctions with barriers tuned near the metal-insulator transition of thermoelectric coolers and power generators and of nonequilibrium extensions to determine current-voltage characteristics as applications of the theory A series of over 40 problems help develop the skills to allow readers to reach the level of being able to contribute to research. This book is suitable for an advanced graduate course in DMFT, and for individualized study by graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and advanced researchers wishing to enter the field\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Transport in multilayered nanostructures
This novel book is the first comprehensive text on dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), which has emerged over the past two decades as one of the most powerful new developments in many-body physics. Written by one of the key researchers in the field, the volume develops the formalism of many-body Green's functions using the equation of motion approach, which requires an undergraduate solid state physics course and a graduate quantum mechanics course as prerequisites. The DMFT is applied to study transport in multilayered nanostructures, which is likely to be one of the most prominent applications of nanotechnology in the coming years. The text is modern in scope focusing on exact numerical methods rather than the perturbation theory. Formalism is developed first for the bulk and then for the inhomogeneous multilayered systems. The science behind the metal-insulator transition, electronic charge reconstruction, and superconductivity are thoroughly described. The book covers complete derivations and emphasizes how to carry out numerical calculations, including discussions of parallel programing algorithms. Detailed descriptions of the crossover from tunneling to thermally activated transport, of the properties of Josephson junctions with barriers tuned near the metal-insulator transition, and of thermoelectric coolers and power generators are provided as applications of the theory.
eBook
Wavelet and wave analysis as applied to materials with micro or nanostructure
This seminal book unites three different areas of modern science: the micromechanics and nanomechanics of composite materials; wavelet analysis as applied to physical problems; and the propagation of a new type of solitary wave in composite materials, nonlinear waves. Each of the three areas is described in a simple and understandable form, focusing on the many perspectives of the links among the three.
eBook
Designer nanoscale DNA assemblies programmed from the top down
Many intricate nanostructures have been made with DNA origami. This process occurs when a long DNA scaffold develops a particular shape after hybridization with short staple strands. Most designs, however, require a difficult iterative procedure of refining the base pairing. Veneziano et al. now report algorithms that automate the design of arbitrary DNA wireframe structures. Synthesizing and structurally characterizing a variety of nanostructures allowed for verification of the algorithms' accuracy. Science , this issue p. 1534 A top-down algorithm can program the design of arbitrary three-dimensional DNA structures. Scaffolded DNA origami is a versatile means of synthesizing complex molecular architectures. However, the approach is limited by the need to forward-design specific Watson-Crick base pairing manually for any given target structure. Here, we report a general, top-down strategy to design nearly arbitrary DNA architectures autonomously based only on target shape. Objects are represented as closed surfaces rendered as polyhedral networks of parallel DNA duplexes, which enables complete DNA scaffold routing with a spanning tree algorithm. The asymmetric polymerase chain reaction is applied to produce stable, monodisperse assemblies with custom scaffold length and sequence that are verified structurally in three dimensions to be high fidelity by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Their long-term stability in serum and low-salt buffer confirms their utility for biological as well as nonbiological applications.
Journal Article
Comparative numerical study of single and two-phase models of nanofluid heat transfer in wavy channel
The main purpose of this study is to survey numerically comparison of two-phase and single phase of heat transfer and flow field of copper-water nanofluid in a wavy channel. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction is used for heat transfer and flow prediction of the single phase and three different two-phase models (mixture, volume of fluid (VOF), and Eulerian). The heat transfer coefficient, temperature, and velocity distributions are investigated. The results show that the differences between the temperature field in the single phase and two-phase models are greater than those in the hydrodynamic field. Also, it is found that the heat transfer coefficient predicted by the single phase model is enhanced by increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles for all Reynolds numbers; while for the two-phase models, when the Reynolds number is low, increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles will enhance the heat transfer coefficient in the front and the middle of the wavy channel, but gradually decrease along the wavy channel.
Journal Article
Advanced Computational Modeling and Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Multi-Directional Functionally Graded Nanostructures: A Comprehensive Review
This review explores multi-directional functionally graded (MDFG) nanostructures, focusing on their material characteristics, modeling approaches, and mechanical behavior. It starts by classifying different types of functionally graded (FG) materials such as conventional, axial, bi-directional, and tri-directional, and the material distribution models like power-law, exponential, trigonometric, polynomial functions, etc. It also discusses the application of advanced size-dependent theories like Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity, nonlocal strain gradient, modified couple stress, and consistent couple stress theories, which are essential to predict the behavior of structures at small scales. The review covers the mechanical analysis of MDFG nanostructures in nanobeams, nanopipes, nanoplates, and nanoshells and their dynamic and static responses under different loading conditions. The effect of multi-directional material gradation on stiffness, stability and vibration is discussed. Moreover, the review highlights the need for more advanced analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical methods to solve the complex vibration problems of MDFG nanostructures. It is evident that the continued development of these methods is crucial for the design, optimization, and real-world application of MDFG nanostructures in advanced engineering fields like aerospace, biomedicine, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). This study is a reference for researchers and engineers working in the domain of MDFG nanostructures.
Journal Article
Advances in FDTD computational electrodynamics : photonics and nanotechnology
Advances in photonics and nanotechnology have the potential to revolutionize humanity's ability to communicate and compute. To pursue these advances, it is mandatory to understand and properly model interactions of light with materials such as silicon and gold at the nanoscale, i.e., the span of a few tens of atoms laid side by side. These interactions are governed by the fundamental Maxwell's equations of classical electrodynamics, supplemented by quantum electrodynamics.This book presents the current state-of-the-art in formulating and implementing computational models of these interactions. Maxwell's equations are solved using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique, pioneered by the senior editor, whose prior Artech House books in this area are among the top ten most-cited in the history of engineering. You discover the most important advances in all areas of FDTD and PSTD computational modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions.This cutting-edge resource helps you understand the latest developments in computational modeling of nanoscale optical microscopy and microchip lithography. You also explore cutting-edge details in modeling nanoscale plasmonics, including nonlocal dielectric functions, molecular interactions, and multi-level semiconductor gain. Other critical topics include nanoscale biophotonics, especially for detecting early-stage cancers, and quantum vacuum, including the Casimir effect and blackbody radiation.
eBook
Nonlinear primary resonance analysis of nanoshells including vibrational mode interactions based on the surface elasticity theory
The deviation from the classical elastic characteristics induced by the free surface energy can be considerable for nanostructures due to the high surface to volume ratio. Consequently, this type of size dependency should be accounted for in the mechanical behaviors of nanoscale structures. In the current investigation, the influence of free surface energy on the nonlinear primary resonance of silicon nanoshells under soft harmonic external excitation is studied. In order to obtain more accurate results, the interaction between the first, third, and fifth symmetric vibration modes with the main oscillation mode is taken into consideration. Through the implementation of the Gurtin-Murdoch theory of elasticity into the classical shell theory, a size-dependent shell model is developed incorporating the effect of surface free energy. With the aid of the variational approach, the governing differential equations of motion including both of the cubic and quadratic nonlinearities are derived. Thereafter, the multi-time-scale method is used to achieve an analytical solution for the nonlinear size-dependent problem. The frequency-response and amplitude-response of the soft harmonic excited nanoshells are presented corresponding to different values of shell thickness and surface elastic constants as well as various vibration mode interactions. It is depicted that through consideration of the interaction between the higher symmetric vibration modes and the main oscillation mode, the hardening response of nanoshell changes to the softening one. This pattern is observed corresponding to both of the positive and negative values of the surface elastic constants and the surface residual stress.
Journal Article
Thermal instability in a nanofluid layer with a vertical magnetic field
The combined effect of a vertical magnetic field and the boundaries on the onset of convection in an electrically conducting nanofluid layer heated from below is investigated using linear stability theory. The employed model incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The boundaries are considered to be either rigid or free. The eigenvalue problem is solved analytically for free–free boundaries and numerically for rigid–rigid and lower-rigid and upper-free boundaries using the Galerkin technique. Numerical results are presented for alumina–water nanofluid.
Journal Article
Propagation of Rayleigh-type surface waves in a layered piezoelectric nanostructure with surface effects
This work investigates the dispersion properties of Rayleigh-type surface waves propagating in a layered piezoelectric nanostructure composed of a piezoelectric nanofilm over an elastic substrate. As one of the most important features of nanostructures, surface effects characterized by surface stresses and surface electric displacements are taken into account through the surface piezoelectricity theory and the nonclassical mechanical and electrical boundary conditions. Concrete expressions of the dispersion equation are derived, and numerical results are provided to examine the effects of several surface-related parameters, including the surface elasticity, surface piezoelectricity, surface dielectricity, surface density, as well as surface residual stress, on the dispersion modes and phase velocity. The size-dependent dispersion behaviors occurring with surface effects are also predicted, and they may vanish once the thickness of the piezoelectric nanofilm reaches a critical value.
Journal Article