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"Nationalism Morocco"
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Les origines sociales et culturelles du nationalisme marocain, 1830-1912
\"Parmi les mouvements anticoloniaux arabes et africains le nationalisme marocain présente des particularités incontestables qui ne cessent d'intriguer les observateurs. Ce livre tente d'expliquer ces particularités en analysant en détail la structure socio-politique du Maroc précolonial et les conséquences contradictoires des reformes par lesquelles le pays essaya d'échappa à la tutelle étrangère. A la fois mouvement et idéologie, le nationalisme apparait dans cette perspective comme l'expression d'un choix : celui de la rénovation dans la conservation. Peut-on généraliser à partir du cas marocain? Si oui, le nationalisme aurait une dimension culturelle qui jusqu'ici a été grandement sous-estimée. Pour cette raison, sa rémanence serait plus grande et sa force de contestation plus ambiguë que ne le laisserait penser une analyse strictement sociologique.\"--Back cover.
Book
Making Morocco
How did four and a half decades of European colonial intervention transform Moroccan identity? As elsewhere in North Africa and in the wider developing world, the colonial period in Morocco (1912-1956) established a new type of political field in which notions about and relationships among politics and identity formation were fundamentally transformed. Instead of privileging top-down processes of colonial state formation or bottom-up processes of local resistance, the analysis in Making Morocco focuses on interactions between state and society.
Jonathan Wyrtzen demonstrates how, during the Protectorate period, interactions among a wide range of European and local actors indelibly politicized four key dimensions of Moroccan identity: religion, ethnicity, territory, and the role of the Alawid monarchy. This colonial inheritance is reflected today in ongoing debates over the public role of Islam, religious tolerance, and the memory of Morocco's Jews; recent reforms regarding women's legal status; the monarchy's multiculturalist recognition of Tamazight (Berber) as a national language alongside Arabic; the still-unresolved territorial dispute over the Western Sahara; and the monarchy's continued symbolic and practical dominance of the Moroccan political field.
eBook
The Berber Identity Movement and the Challenge to North African States
Like many indigenous groups that have endured centuries of subordination, the Berber/Amazigh peoples of North Africa are demanding linguistic and cultural recognition and the redressing of injustices. Indeed, the movement seeks nothing less than a refashioning of the identity of North African states, a rewriting of their history, and a fundamental change in the basis of collective life. In so doing, it poses a challenge to the existing political and sociocultural orders in Morocco and Algeria, while serving as an important counterpoint to the oppositionist Islamist current.
This is the first book-length study to analyze the rise of the modern ethnocultural Berber/Amazigh movement in North Africa and the Berber diaspora. Bruce Maddy-Weitzman begins by tracing North African history from the perspective of its indigenous Berber inhabitants and their interactions with more powerful societies, from Hellenic and Roman times, through a millennium of Islam, to the era of Western colonialism. He then concentrates on the marginalization and eventual reemergence of the Berber question in independent Algeria and Morocco, against a background of the growing crisis of regime legitimacy in each country. His investigation illuminates many issues, including the fashioning of official national narratives and policies aimed at subordinating Berbers in an Arab nationalist and Islamic-centered universe; the emergence of a counter-movement promoting an expansive Berber \"imagining\" that emphasizes the rights of minority groups and indigenous peoples; and the international aspects of modern Berberism.
eBook
Jewish Radicals of Morocco: Case Study for a New Historiography
The confluence of Jews and Communism has long been noted by scholars. However, most historiography has treated European contexts, with the addition of some work on the Americas and the Yishuv, but neglected the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Works that do purport to survey and compare the phenomenon across contexts have typically given the MENA short shrift. Further, most discussion of leftist Jewish politics halts after World War II, just when the story is gaining momentum in the MENA, particularly within anticolonial movements. In this article, I draw on Hannah Arendt's work on the so-called conscious pariah to bridge historiographies and link leftist Jews in the MENA, the Americas, and Europe. Using archival sources, newspapers, oral histories, and novels, I present Jewish involvement in the Parti Communist Marocain as a case study to examine the complications of Jewish involvement in leftist politics in concentric geographic, temporal, and historiographic circles. In so doing, I seek to complicate the story of Jewish attraction to internationalism and universalism and the reconciliation of Jewish affiliations and identities with the nation-state and the colonial.
Journal Article
The lost paradise : Andalusi music in urban North Africa
For more than a century, urban North Africans have sought to protect and revive Andalusi music, a prestigious Arabic-language performance tradition said to originate in the \"lost paradise\" of medieval Islamic Spain. Yet despite the Andalusi repertoire's enshrinement as the national classical music of postcolonial North Africa, its devotees continue to describe it as being in danger of disappearance. In The Lost Paradise, Jonathan Glasser explores the close connection between the paradox of patrimony and the questions of embodiment, genealogy, secrecy, and social class that have long been central to Andalusi musical practice.
Through a historical and ethnographic account of the Andalusi music of Algiers, Tlemcen, and their Algerian and Moroccan borderlands since the end of the nineteenth century, Glasser shows how anxiety about Andalusi music's disappearance has emerged from within the practice itself and come to be central to its ethos. The result is a sophisticated examination of musical survival and transformation that is also a meditation on temporality, labor, colonialism and nationalism, and the relationship of the living to the dead.
eBook
Between El-Horria and La Liberté
El-Horria/La Liberté was a bilingual, Judeo-Arabic and French, Jewish weekly newspaper published in Tangier, Morocco between 1914 and ca. 1924. This article offers a careful study of this newspaper in order to show the worldview it created for its consumers through discussion of issues its editor and authors deemed to be crucial for Jewish life in Morocco at the time. These ranged from the consequences of World War I to French colonialism, Jewish peoplehood, Zionism, or the reorganization and modernization of Jewish communities in Morocco. Through a comparison of writings in Judeo-Arabic and French, this article also unpacks the intersections between language, social hierarchy, socio-political commitments, and Jewish minority-Muslim majority relations in Morocco. Ultimately, this article demonstrates how El-Horria/La Liberté promoted the integration of French-speaking, intellectual, urban, Jewish elites into a Jewish world focused on eastern and central Europe, and how it tried to do the same for the larger group of Judeo-Arabic speaking Jews in the Moroccan interior, although it was sometimes challenged by the latter.
Journal Article