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Medical experimentation and the roots of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Indigenous Peoples in Canada
For a start, doctors and other health professionals in Canada need to educate themselves before going into communities to administer COVID-19 vaccines. Too many are unaware of Canada's shameful histories of racially segregated health care and medical experimentation, and therefore misunderstand the nature of vaccine hesitancy. Public health messaging about the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the benefits of receiving the vaccine also must clearly be positioned in a way that speaks to Indigenous Peoples' historical and contemporary experiences with Canadian settler colonialism. Risk attributes must also be described individually rather than simply categorizing Indigeneity as an individual risk category. This means jettisoning a one-size-fits-all public health messaging strategy. Pandemic messaging will be more effective if delivered directly by Indigenous Elders, leaders and health practitioners who have trust and credibility in their communities. For many communities, this means that public health messaging needs to focus not only on the health and wellness of the people receiving the vaccine, but also on the health and wellness of families, communities, the land and the next seven generations.
Journal Article
Museum Pieces
Ruth Phillips argues that these practices are \"indigenous\" not only because they originate in Aboriginal activism but because they draw on a distinctively Canadian preference for compromise and tolerance for ambiguity. Phillips dissects seminal exhibitions of Indigenous art to show how changes in display, curatorial voice, and authority stem from broad social, economic, and political forces outside the museum and moves beyond Canadian institutions and practices to discuss historically interrelated developments and exhibitions in the United States, Britain, Australia, and elsewhere. Drawing on forty years of experience as an art historian, curator, exhibition critic, and museum director, she emphasizes the complex and situated nature of the problems that face museums, introducing new perspectives on controversial exhibitions and moments of contestation. A manifesto that calls on us to re-imagine the museum as a place to embrace global interconnectedness, Museum Pieces emphasizes the transformative power of museum controversy and analyses shifting ideas about art, authenticity, and power in the modern museum.
eBook
Improving health research among Indigenous Peoples in Canada
Historically, owing to a dominant Western science paradigm, Indigenous methods, methodologies, epistemologies, knowledge and perspectives have been dismissed as unsuitable for health research. As such, Indigenous health research frequently remains poorly aligned with the goals and values of Indigenous Peoples. Furthermore, research involving Indigenous people has been tainted by historical atrocities. The process of reconciliation in Canada should include the indigenization of health research, which will contribute to deconstruction of colonial control. Employing the core ethical principles of \"respect for persons, concern for welfare, and justice\" used in the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans, we review the history of Indigenous health research in Canada and outline critical considerations for non-Indigenous researchers. Our aim is to promote a collaborative approach to Indigenous health research in Canada that prioritizes the goals, knowledge and strengths of Indigenous partners. A 2016 study informing Inuit community-based HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention and sexual health promotion programming is one example of successful allyship in research.
Journal Article
Uncertain accommodation : aboriginal identity and group rights in the Supreme Court of Canada
\"In 1982, Canada formally recognized Aboriginal rights within its Constitution. The move reflected a consensus that states should and could use group rights to protect and accommodate subnational groups within their borders. Decades later, however, no one is happy. This state of affairs, Panagos argues, is rooted in a failure to define what aboriginality means, which has led to the promotion and protection of a single vision of aboriginality--that of the justices of the Supreme Court. He concludes that there can be no justice so long as the state continues to safeguard a set of values and interests defined by non-Aboriginal people.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
“Hunger was never absent”: How residential school diets shaped current patterns of diabetes among Indigenous peoples in Canada
One of the most consistent themes in testimony provided to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was the common experience of hunger at residential schools. In his statement to the TRC, survivor Andrew Paul spoke of the unrelenting hunger he experienced during his time at Aklavik Roman Catholic Residential School: they cried to have something good to eat before they sleep. A lot of the times the food they had was rancid, full of maggots, stink. Sometimes they would sneak away from school to go visit their aunts or uncles, just to have a piece of bannock. Such accounts, of course, are not new. In 1965, Indian Affairs Branch employee Russell Moses--who attended the Mohawk Institute in Brantford, Ontario, from 1942 to 1947--described a typical diet where hunger was never absent. Breakfast consisted of two slices of bread with either jam or honey as the dressing, oatmeal with worms or corn meal porridge, which was minimal in quantity and appalling in quality.
Journal Article
Decolonizing employment : Aboriginal inclusion in Canada's labour market
\"Indigenous North Americans continue to be overrepresented among those who are poor, unemployed, and with low levels of education. This has long been an issue of concern for Indigenous people and their allies and is now drawing the attention of government, business leaders, and others who know that this fast-growing population is a critical source of future labour. Shauna MacKinnon's Decolonizing Employment: Aboriginal Inclusion in Canada's Labour Market is a case study with lessons applicable to communities throughout North America. Her examination of Aboriginal labour market participation outlines the deeply damaging, intergenerational effects of colonial policies and describes how a neoliberal political economy serves to further exclude Indigenous North Americans. MacKinnon's work demonstrates that a fundamental shift in policy is required. Long-term financial support for comprehensive, holistic education and training programs that integrate cultural reclamation and small supportive learning environments is needed if we are to improve social and economic outcomes and support the spiritual and emotional healing that Aboriginal learners tell us is of primary importance.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impacts of colonization on Indigenous food systems in Canada and the United States: a scoping review
Background
Indigenous populations in Canada and the United States (US) have maintained reciprocal relationships with nature, grounded in respect for and stewardship of the environment; however, disconnection from traditional food systems has generated a plethora of physical and mental health challenges for communities. Indigenous food sovereignty including control of lands were found to be factors contributing to these concerns. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature to describe Indigenous disconnection from Indigenous food systems (IFS) in Canada and the US.
Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SR) and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Sociological Abstracts, and Bibliography of Native North Americans. Data was extracted from 41 studies and a narrative review completed based on study themes.
Results
The overarching theme identified in the included studies was the impact of colonization on IFS. Four sub-themes emerged as causes for Indigenous disconnection from traditional food systems, including: climate change; capitalism; legal change; and socio-cultural change. These sub-themes highlight the multiple ways in which colonization has impacted Indigenous food systems in Canada and the US and important areas for transformation.
Conclusions
Efforts to reconnect Indigenous knowledge and values systems with future food systems are essential for planetary health and sustainable development. Traditional knowledge sharing must foreground authentic Indigenous inclusion within policymaking.
Highlights
• The main theme identified amongst the SR literature was the lasting impacts of colonization on Indigenous food systems in Canada and the US, which is described through four key areas: climate change; capitalism; legal changes; and socio-cultural changes.
• Less than 20% of included papers report author positionality, with only 7% of included papers reporting Indigenous authorship, emphasizing an opportunity for more reporting and Indigenous engagement in the future.
• Loss of cultural knowledge and practices was highlighted by many articles reviewed.
• Revitalisation of IFS must include authentic Indigenous engagement, support Indigenous knowledge frameworks, community sharing networks, education programs and co-management.
Journal Article