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Background Inequities in early childhood oral health are evident amongst Indigenous peoples and communities in Manitoba, Canada. Early childhood caries (ECC) is decay in primary dentition in children under 6 years of age. A severe form of the disease occurs at a higher rate in Indigenous populations compared to the general population. ECC has been strongly associated with social determinants of health. Methods Focus groups and sharing circles were conducted with four First Nations and Metis communities in urban and rural communities in Manitoba. There were eight groups in total of purposively sampled participants ( n  = 59). A grounded theory approach guided thematic analysis of audio recorded and transcribed data. Results Indigenous participants experienced challenges similar to those found in the general population, such as encouraging and motivating parents and caregivers to establish regular oral hygiene routines for their children. However other challenges reported, disproportionately affect Indigenous communities. These include poor access to dental care, specifically no dental offices within 1 h driving radius and not having transportation to get there. Not having evidence-based oral health information to support good oral hygiene practices, preventing parents from making the best choices of oral hygiene products and oral health behaviours for their children. Poverty and food insecurity resulting in poor nutritional choices and leading to ECC. For example, feeding children sugary foods and beverages because those are more readily avialble than healthy options. Confusing or difficult encounters with dental professionals, highlighted as a factor that can erode trust, reduce compliance and impact continued attendance at dental offices. Conclusion Closing existing early childhood oral health gaps for First Nations and Metis peoples and communities requires equity-oriented healthcare approaches to address specific problems and challenges faced by these populations. Family, community and systemic level interventions that directly implement community recommendations are needed.

\"A powerful book that uses plain language to talk about colonial trauma and transformational change. History. Identity. Lateral Violence. Complex Trauma. Who are we and how are we seen? How do we learn what safety is when we've never experienced it? Killing the Wittigo talks about the effects of colonization and the healing work being done by young Indigenous people toward individual and systemic change, through song lyrics and first-person accounts of their own journeys of decolonization and healing. Sexual Abuse. Relationships. Kindness and Kinship. Are your relationships harmful or healthy? What do healthy families look like? Killing the Wittigo shatters the isolation and shame to talk about everything from managing triggers to what young people are asking of their parents and their leadership. Abandonment. Dis-Ease. Reconnection. Change. How do you turn distressing feelings into emotions that you can understand? How does making sense of your stories help you gain choice and control? From market capitalism and food security to community hubs and sustainable development goals, Killing the Wittigo has everything a young person needs to move from surviving to thriving. Killing the Wittigo offers: Reflection questions to anchor/reframe life experiences. Mindfulness activities to help readers center themselves in the present, develop self-awareness, and create new patterns of behaviour. Activities and exercises to support meaning making and change. Full of bold graphics, Killing the Wittigo is a much-needed resource for young Indigenous people and those who work in the helping professions.\" -- Back cover.

Revealing how Canada's first Prime Minister used a policy of starvation against Indigenous people to clear the way for settlement, the multiple award-winning Clearing the Plains sparked widespread debate about genocide in Canada.

\"Separate Beds is the shocking story of Canada's system of segregated health care. Operated by the same bureaucracy that was expanding health care opportunities for most Canadians, the 'Indian Hospitals' were underfunded, understaffed, overcrowded, and rife with coercion and medical experimentation. Established to keep the Aboriginal tuberculosis population isolated, they became a means of ensuring that other Canadians need not share access to modern hospitals with Aboriginal patients. Tracing the history of the system from its fragmentary origins to its gradual collapse, Maureen K. Lux describes the arbitrary and contradictory policies that governed the 'Indian Hospitals, ' the experiences of patients and staff, and the vital grassroots activism that pressed the federal government to acknowledge its treaty obligations. A disturbing look at the dark side of the liberal welfare state, Separate Beds reveals a history of racism and negligence in health care for Canada's First Nations that should never be forgotten.\"-- Provided by publisher.

Notes how Indigenous peoples in high income countries are disproportionately affected by Type 2 Diabetes and that socioeconomic disadvantages and inadequate access to appropriate healthcare are important contributors. Investigates effective designs of primary care management of Type 2 Diabetes for Indigenous adults in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Discusses the seven identified components of effective primary care interventions to use when designing primary care approaches to mitigate the impact of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous populations. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

Background Early childhood caries remains a significant public health concern among Indigenous children in Canada. Integrating caries risk assessment (CRA) into primary care settings could improve early detection and intervention. Objectives This qualitative study explored the barriers to implementing and integrating the Canadian CRA tool into the primary care of First Nations and Métis children in Manitoba, based on the perspectives of non-dental primary care providers (NDPCPs). Methods Fifty NDPCPs providing care to Indigenous children under six years of age were purposefully selected from ten Indigenous communities in Manitoba, including Winnipeg, Selkirk, St. Laurent, Swan River, Pine Creek, Camperville, and Pine Falls. The study employed an exploratory design, with data collected through eight focus groups and twelve in-depth key informant interviews conducted between April 2023 and September 2024. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis with NVivo software. Results Participants included pediatricians, family physicians, public health nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, dietitians, and child development workers, with an average age of 41 years (range: 24–61) and 13 years of practice experience (range: 1–40). Thematic analysis identified four major barriers to integrating the CRA tool: (1) Service provider level – time constraint, scope of practice, documentation/referral pathways, and funding; (2) Community level – oral care not priority, separation of dental and general health, lack of transportation, and healthcare distrust; (3) Caregiver and child level – lack of dental insurance, parental willingness, substituting CRA for dental visit; and (4) Provider training and skills – lack of training on fluoride varnish application and dental screening. Despite these challenges, participants expressed a positive attitude toward receiving training on early childhood caries prevention, fluoride application, and the use of the Canadian CRA tool. Conclusion This study highlights that NDPCPs in Manitoba recognize the Canadian CRA tool as a valuable resource for improving access to early preventive dental care for First Nations and Métis children. The identified barriers provide critical insights for dental, medical, and allied healthcare providers, offering a foundation for developing strategies, guidelines, and policies to enhance preventive oral health services for Indigenous children in Manitoba.

Introduction: Geese harvesting is a longstanding cultural tradition deeply ingrained among the Omushkego Cree in Fort Albany First Nation, embodying a holistic approach to health that integrates Indigenous knowledge, community wellbeing, and resilience. Despite historical disruptions stemming from colonization and assimilation policies, women have played a pivotal role in preserving and passing down traditional practices. The significance of goose harvesting extends beyond providing a nutrient-rich and cost-effective food source; it serves as a vehicle for cultural preservation and education, particularly fostering language acquisition among children. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding the potential decline in the transmission of Indigenous knowledge. The interruption of intergenerational knowledge transfer not only poses implications for overall wellbeing but also worsens historical trauma within the community. In response to these challenges, the Niska (goose) harvesting program was developed with an aim to revitalize community harvesting practices, with a specific focus on incorporating the perspectives of women, especially in the preparatory and smoking phases of the geese. Methods: Omushkego Cree women were approached to participate. The study was conducted during the spring of 2018, and employed photovoice and semi-structured interviews that explored the impact of geese preparatory activities on the health and wellbeing of Indigenous women. Results: Major themes from the qualitative data included the importance of knowledge sharing, cultural continuity, healing, and the profound connection to the land. Women emphasized the value of sharing acquired knowledge, passing on traditions, and maintaining a connection to their cultural identity. Cultural continuity, depicted through intergenerational teachings and experiences, emerged as crucial for overall wellbeing. Participants spoke of the healing dynamics derived from engaging in traditional activities, highlighting the positive impact on physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing. The land was identified as a central element in this healing process, representing more than just a physical space but an extension of home, contributing to a sense of peace and tranquility. The land became a medium for transmitting cultural teachings, shaping identity, and sustaining a subsistence lifestyle. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of future research including more female youth participants to uncover specific challenges and strengths within this demographic. Overall, the Niska program demonstrates a comprehensive approach that intertwines cultural revitalization, community engagement, and holistic wellbeing, emphasizing the need for interventions that go beyond immediate challenges to create enduring positive impacts on Indigenous communities.

Taking Medicine challenges traditional understandings of colonial medicine by bringing to light the healing work of Aboriginal and settler women in southern Alberta.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the Children’s Oral Health Initiative (COHI) is to increase access to preventive oral health services provided to First Nations and Inuit (FN/I) children living on federal reserves and in remote communities. PARTICIPANTS: COHI targets preschool children; 5–7-year-olds; pregnant women; and parents/caregivers in FN/I communities. SETTING: The program was piloted in 2004 by Health Canada and is potentially available to all FN/I communities. However, the community must consent to the program’s implementation and agree to support a community member to be trained as a COHI aide. INTERVENTION: Dental therapists and hygienists screen eligible children, apply fluoride varnish and sealants to children’s teeth, and stabilize active dental caries with glass ionomer. An innovation was the development of a community oral health worker, the COHI Aide. The COHI Aide is a community member who serves as an advocate for preventive oral health in the community and provides instruction to children, parent/caregivers and expectant mothers in preventing dental caries. RESULTS: COHI was piloted in 41 communities in 2004. By 2014, the program had expanded to 320 FN/I communities, which represents 55% of all eligible FN/I communities. In 2012, 23,085 children had received COHI preventive oral health services. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate COHI’s success as a preventive oral health care delivery model in remote communities. Implementation and delivery of preventive oral health services has been enhanced by the sustained presence of a community-based COHI Aide.