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"Naturalization."
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The ironies of citizenship : naturalization and integration in industrialized countries
\"Explanations of naturalization and jus soli citizenship have relied on cultural, convergence, racialization, or capture theories, and they tend to be strongly affected by the literature on immigration. This study of naturalization breaks with the usual immigration theories and proposes an approach over centuries and decades toward explaining naturalization rates. First, over centuries, it provides consistent evidence to support the long-term existence of colonizer, settler, non-colonizer, and Nordic nationality regime types that frame naturalization over centuries. Second, over three and a half decades, it shows how left and green parties, along with an index of nationality laws, explain the lion's share of variation in naturalization rates. The text makes these theoretical claims believable by using the most extensive data set to date on naturalization rates that include jus soli births. It analyzes this data with a combination of carefully designed case studies comparing two to four countries within and between regime types, and tests them with cross-sectional pooled regression techniques especially suitable to slow-moving but dynamic institutions\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
‘Naturalization’, ‘Denaturalization’: What Is Meant by these Terms? Starting out from the Notion of a Constitutive Outside
In diesem Artikel spreche ich mich dafür aus, Naturalisierung umfassender und in einem formaleren Sinn zu verstehen als in dem bestimmter essentialisierender Konzepte, wie z.B. biologistischer Auffassungen von Geschlecht oder race. Wann immer wir Konzepte als selbstverständlich oder alternativlos behandeln, naturalisieren wir Diskurse als solche, behandeln sie also als etwas anderes denn als Diskurse in einem foucaultschen Sinn – d.h. als kontingent und veränderlich. Die Annahme, dass es keinen Diskurs ohne konstitutives Außen, ohne konstitutive Ausschlüsse gibt, hilft, die Aufmerksamkeit auf die je selbst praktizierten Ausschlüsse zu lenken, zugleich aber auch auf die Grenzen der Möglichkeit, diese zu erkennen. Aufgrund dieser Grenzen kann Naturalisierung ebenso leicht in queerfeministischer, antirassistischer und anderer progressiv orientierter Forschung erfolgen wie in hegemonialen Diskursen. Dies zeige ich exemplarisch am Beispiel der Theoretisierung von happiness durch Sara Ahmed, die selbst eine wichtige Autorin zum Thema Naturalisierung ist. Schlagwörter: Biologismus, Dekonstruktion, Diskurs, Essentialismus, Gefühl
Journal Article
Practising Citizenship and Heterogeneous Nationhood
Switzerland likely has the most particular naturalization system in the world. Whereas in most countries citizenship attribution is regulated at the central level of the state, in Switzerland each municipality is accorded the right to decide who can become a Swiss citizen. This book aims at exploring naturalization processes from a comparative perspective and to explain why some municipalities pursue more restrictive citizenship policies than others. The Swiss case provides a unique opportunity to approach citizenship politics from new perspectives. It allows us to go beyond formal citizenship models and to account for the practice of citizenship. The analytical framework combines quantitative and qualitative data and helps us understand how negotiation processes between political actors lead to a large variety of local citizenship models. An innovative theoretical framework, integrating Bourdieu's political sociology, combines symbolic and material aspects of naturalizations and underlines the production processes of ethnicity.
Zwitserland heeft waarschijnlijk het meest uitzonderlijke naturalisatiesysteem ter wereld: staatsburgerschap wordt toegewezen op gemeentelijk niveau en niet vanuit de centrale overheid. Dit boek bestudeert naturalisatieprocessen vanuit een vergelijkend perspectief en probeert te verklaren waarom sommige gemeenten strengere regels hanteren dan anderen. Het Zwitserse voorbeeld geeft een unieke mogelijkheid om voorbij de formele staatsburgerschapmodellen te kijken.
eBook
Constructions of migrant integration in British public discourse : becoming British
This is a study into how the public discourse on migrant integration in the UK changed from 2000-2010. The book shows that the discursive construction of integration in the British public sphere shifted from one of cultural pluralism to one of neo-assimilation, informed by a wider spread of neo-liberalism that necessitates self-sufficiency and discourages state assistance. Situated within the Critical Discourse Studies tradition, the book employs a Discourse Historical approach to the data and includes innovative analysis combining 'top-down' (policy documents and media texts) and 'bottom-up' (focus groups with migrants and new citizens) sites of discourse production. In doing so, it provides a broad and detailed perspective of public discourse on integration in the UK. The book shows that understandings of 'integration' are diachronically and synchronically fluid and as such, the term plays an important role as a 'consensus concept' that different actors can support whilst construing it in different ways. Analysis of the data further reveals that integration is interdiscursively linked to other social fields, such as the economy, terrorism and public spending. The book also argues that integration policy has become directed not just at new migrants, but also long-term British citizens and that this has the potential to have considerable impact on community cohesion.
Book
Naturalization of introduced plants: ecological drivers of biogeographical patterns
The literature on biological invasions is biased in favour of invasive species – those that spread and often reach high abundance following introduction by humans. It is, however, also important to understand previous stages in the introduction'naturalization invasion continuum (‘the continuum’), especially the factors that mediate naturalization. The emphasis on invasiveness is partly because most invasions are only recognized once species occupy large adventive ranges or start to spread. Also, many studies lump all alien species, and fail to separate introduced, naturalized and invasive populations and species. These biases impede our ability to elucidate the full suite of drivers of invasion and to predict invasion dynamics, because different factors mediate progression along different sections of the continuum. A better understanding of the determinants of naturalization is important because all naturalized species are potential invaders. Processes leading to naturalization act differently in different regions and global biogeographical patterns of plant invasions result from the interaction of population-biological, macroecological and human-induced factors. We explore what is known about how determinants of naturalization in plants interact at various scales, and how their importance varies along the continuum. Research that is explicitly linked to particular stages of the continuum can generate new information that is appropriate for improving the management of biological invasions if, for example, potentially invasive species are identified before they exert an impact.
Journal Article
Becoming a citizen : linguistic trials and negotiations in the UK
\"Becoming a Citizen makes a unique contribution to the existing scholarship on citizenship processes by empirically investigating how the naturalisation process is experienced with an explicit focus on language practices. This ethnographically informed investigation focuses on W., a Yemeni immigrant in the United Kingdom during the last eleven months of the citizenship process. In this time, he encounters linguistic trials involving the Life in the UK citizenship test, community life, ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) adult education and the citizenship ceremony. The richness of data allows for a nuanced portrayal of the complexities becoming a citizen, a particularly significant contribution since the UK's move towards an assimilationist form of citizenship, reflected in the introduction of a citizenship test within a broader socio-political climate which promotes the use of English. Drawing upon a wide range of theorists, from philosophy, psychology and linguistics, this book offers a detailed analysis of the process of becoming a citizen and makes an original contribution to the area of citizenship in language testing, sociolinguistics, sociology and ethnic relations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective
This article presents what we term a raciolinguistic perspective, which theorizes the historical and contemporary co-naturalization of language and race. Rather than taking for granted existing categories for parsing and classifying race and language, we seek to understand how and why these categories have been co-naturalized, and to imagine their denaturalization as part of a broader structural project of contesting white supremacy. We explore five key components of a raciolinguistic perspective: (i) historical and contemporary colonial co-naturalizations of race and language; (ii) perceptions of racial and linguistic difference; (iii) regimentations of racial and linguistic categories; (iv) racial and linguistic intersections and assemblages; and (v) contestations of racial and linguistic power formations. These foci reflect our investment in developing a careful theorization of various forms of racial and linguistic inequality on the one hand, and our commitment to the imagination and creation of more just societies on the other. (Race, language ideologies, colonialism, governmentality, enregisterment, structural inequality)*
Journal Article