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Naval Strategy in Northeast Asia: Geostrategic Goals, Policies and Prospects
'Naval Strategy in Northeast Asia: Geostrategic Goals, Policies and Prospects' by Duk-ki Kim is reviewed.
Book Review
Evaluation of effectiveness and improvement factors of occupational health and safety management system in the Republic of Korea Navy based on AHP-entropy and IPA
The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) has applied Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS), but the effectiveness of OHSMS is being questioned due to continuous industrial accidents that continue to occur. Although OHSMS, which has been generally applied in enterprises, has more potential for improper implementation in the military, there are few studies on OHSMS in the military. Therefore, this study verified the effectiveness of OHSMS in the ROKN and derived improvement factors. This study was conducted in a two-step process. First, we surveyed 629 workers at the ROKN workplaces to confirm the effectiveness of OHSMS by comparing occupational health and safety (OHS) efforts according to whether OHSMS was applied and the period of application. Second, 29 naval OHSMS experts evaluated the factors for improving OHSMS using two decision-making tools: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-entropy and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The study results indicate that the OHS efforts of OHSMS-applied workplaces were similar to that of unapplied. Also, no better OHS efforts were identified in workplaces with more extended OHSMS application periods. There were five improvement factors of OHSMS applied to the ROKN workplaces, with the highest weight in the following order: consultation and participation of workers; resources; competence; hazard identification and risk assessment; and organizational roles, responsibilities, and authorities. The effectiveness of OHSMS in the ROKN was insufficient. Therefore, the ROKN needs focused improvement efforts on the five requirements to implement OHSMS practically. These results can be helpful information for the ROKN to apply OHSMS more effectively for industrial safety.
Journal Article
Advanced Design of Naval Ship Propulsion Systems Utilizing Battery-Diesel Generator Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems
As advanced sensors and weapons require high power, naval vessels have increasingly adopted electric propulsion systems. This study aims to enhance the efficiency and operability of electric propulsion systems over traditional mechanical propulsion systems by analyzing the operational profiles of modern naval vessels. Consequently, a battery-integrated generator-based electric propulsion system was selected. Considering the purpose of the vessel, a specification selection procedure was developed, leading to the design of a hybrid electric propulsion system (comprising one battery and four generators). The power management control technique of the proposed propulsion system sets the operating modes (depending on the specific fuel oil consumption of the generators) to minimize fuel consumption based on the operating load. Additionally, load distribution control rules for the generators were designed to reduce energy consumption based on the load and battery state of charge. MATLAB/Simulink was used to evaluate the proposed system, with simulation results demonstrating that it maintained the same propulsion performance as existing systems while achieving a 12-ton (22%) reduction in fuel consumption. This improvement results in cost savings and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. These findings suggest that an efficient load-sharing controller can be implemented for various vessels equipped with electric propulsion systems, tailored to their operational profiles.
Journal Article
Postwar Pines: The Military and the Expansion of State Forests in Post-Imjin Korea, 1598–1684
This article explains why the Chosŏn government and the military in particular expanded state control over forests in the seventeenth century and analyzes the implications of forest administration in a preindustrial polity. From 1592 to 1598, the Chosŏn dynasty suffered invasions from Japan that displaced much of the Korean population and devastated the economy and environment. The crucial role of the navy during the war, along with a dire postwar situation, heightened government anxieties about deforestation and timber scarcity. Thus, in the seventeenth century, the Chosŏn government expanded administration over forests, particularly pine forests, across the coasts and islands of southwestern Korea. The key vehicle for the expansion was the military. Due to wartime and postwar exigencies, the military became the late Chosŏn state's primary organ for management of wood resources for state purposes. Furthermore, the growth of pine-centric state forests and shifts in military priorities would significantly reshape Korean ecologies.
Journal Article
NORTH KOREA'S NUCLEAR THREATS AND COUNTER-STRATEGIES
North Korea's nuclear weapons program and its ballistic missile programs have developed compelling capabilities that can potentially threaten South Korea and its neighbors even including the United States. But, due to Kim Jong Un's opaqueness and unpredictability, deterring the North Korea's nuclear threats is fraught with difficulty. Thus, U.S. needs to reaffirm its commitment to provide and strengthen deterrence for South Korea using the full range of military capabilities including its nuclear umbrella, conventional strike, and missile defense capabilities. South Korea also needs to make every effort to detect, defend, disrupt, and destroy the North's missiles through its Kill Chain and Korean Air and Missile Defense. In addition, despite the official desire to keep the Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD) system independent of U.S. missile defense (MD) system, South Korea needs to develop various options for reinforcing interoperability with the U. S. missile system.
Journal Article
Cold War North Korea and United States naval intelligence
On 23 January 1968, the North Korean Navy attacked and captured the USS Pueblo, a United States naval intelligence collection ship in international waters off the coast of North Korea. The USS Pueblo was one of a group of AGER ships created to provide intelligence from the Sea of Japan during the Cold War. This article discusses the growing hostilities of North Korea during the Cold War and uses recently declassified documents to illustrate the naval intelligence efforts of the United States to monitor the North Korean threat.
Journal Article
Creating the National Security State
For the last sixty years, American foreign and defense policymaking has been dominated by a network of institutions created by one piece of legislation--the 1947 National Security Act. This is the definitive study of the intense political and bureaucratic struggles that surrounded the passage and initial implementation of the law. Focusing on the critical years from 1937 to 1960, Douglas Stuart shows how disputes over the lessons of Pearl Harbor and World War II informed the debates that culminated in the legislation, and how the new national security agencies were subsequently transformed by battles over missions, budgets, and influence during the early cold war.
Stuart provides an in-depth account of the fight over Truman's plan for unification of the armed services, demonstrating how this dispute colored debates about institutional reform. He traces the rise of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the transformation of the CIA, and the institutionalization of the National Security Council. He also illustrates how the development of this network of national security institutions resulted in the progressive marginalization of the State Department.
Stuart concludes with some insights that will be of value to anyone interested in the current debate over institutional reform.
eBook
Multilateral Naval Code of Conduct aims to prevent unintended conflict in contested areas of East and South China seas
On April 22, 2014, navy chiefs from twenty countries, including the United States, China, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam, attended the Western Pacific Naval Symposium in Qingdao, China, and approved a nonbinding agreement setting forth rules governing unplanned encounters at sea. The Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) \"offers safety measures and a means to limit mutual interference, to limit uncertainty, and to facilitate communication when naval ships or naval aircraft encounter each other in an unplanned manner.\"
Journal Article
Peacekeeping and Counterpiracy: A Comparative Analysis of South Korea's Contributions to International Peace and Stability
As the international security environment grows increasingly complex, the need for multilateral solutions grows. Two such efforts are United Nations peacekeeping and counterpiracy ope ations off the coast of Somalia. Over the years many states have contributed police, observers, military personnel, ships, and oth assets to support these multinational efforts. Since 2009 Seoul has sent a destroyer and a team of Navy SEALS to the counter piracy operations near Somalia. In this study I contrast South Korea's contributions to UN peacekeeping and maritime securi with those of Australia, China, and Japan.
Journal Article