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Neighbourhood planning : place, space and politics
\"This book carries out an in-depth investigation of a neighborhood planning process that engages critically with the issues surrounding articulation of local concerns in a strategic manner and the prospects of implementing 'bottom up' community initiatives successfully. It highlights the dynamics involved in shaping the content of a neighbourhood plan and the implications of the different ways in which a place is constructed. The book challenges the notions of a singular place that is described in a neighbourhood plan. It examines conceptual, thematic, strategic and performative constructions of place and the capacity for neighbourhood plans to be developed within this context. It explores the value of connecting the formulation of a neighbourhood plan with the emergence of a relevant local plan, allowing for more meaningful local influence on strategic policymaking. With first-hand insights on neighbourhood planning, this book offers a novel contribution to the fields of planning, urban studies, and urban geography\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Site Design for Multifamily Housing
The United States is over eighty percent urbanized, yet over half of the population still lives in suburban settings, characterized by low-density, automobile-dependent development with separated land uses. These disconnected and isolated models of development have been linked to increased greenhouse-gas emissions and reduced quality of life, health, and social connections. In Site Design for Multifamily Housing: Creating Livable, Connected Neighborhoods, the authors explain that creating more livable and vital communities is within reach and the design and development of multifamily housing is a key component to reaching this goal.
Multifamily housing is an important component of increasing density, but large lot multifamily developments often lack connectivity and hence limit livability and walkability. Multifamily housing in suburban areas presents greater challenges than in urban areas due in part to larger lot sizes and street patterns that are often a mix of cul-de-sac, curved, looped, and dead-end streets. Increasing the livability of these developments is an important first step in affecting the livability of the country as a whole.
This handbook introduces planners, developers, and designers to ten key elements of multifamily site design, comparing typical and recommended conditions. Case studies of successful large lot multifamily developments as well as retrofit proposals for existing developments with low internal and external connectivity will demonstrate how the tools in the book can be applied. Examples are drawn from Oregon, California, North Carolina, and Arizona. The ideas and tools in this book, including the planning checklist, code guide, and code summaries, will help users to create more livable, vibrant, and healthy communities.
eBook
Neighbourhood planning : communities, networks and governance
This book mixes conceptual rigour with accessible case study analysis and aims to expose the operation of community-led planning activities and frame them in a discussion of the effectiveness of collaborative planning processes.
Book
From Garden City to 15-Minute City: A Historical Perspective and Critical Assessment
The 15-minute city concept was introduced as a post-COVID strategy to support more sustainable recovery from the pandemic and develop complete, climate-sensitive, and resilient neighborhoods. This review examines key neighborhood planning movements to identify the origins of the 15-minute city concept. These include the garden city, neighborhood unit plan, modernist urbanism, post-modern urbanism, and eco-urbanism, which have emerged since the late 19th century. The results of the study show that the concept of the 15-minute city has ten basic characteristics: proximity, density, diversity, mixed-use, modularity, adaptability, flexibility, human-scale design, connectivity, and digitalization. The concept has been successful in advancing theoretical debates on sustainable urbanism. However, some criticisms of past planning movements also apply to the 15-minute city. Similar to the neighborhood unit and modernist urbanism, the concept follows a philosophy of physical determinism, setting goals without specifying how or by what means they will be achieved. At this point, one can only speculate about the future of the concept. A more detailed study of the real-world applications of the concept is needed before one can thoroughly discuss its strengths and weaknesses.
Journal Article
Building resilient neighbourhoods in Singapore : the convergence of policies, research and practice
This book examines how institutional and environmental features in neighbourhoods can contribute to social resilience, highlighting the related socio-demographic issues, as well as the infrastructure, planning, design and policies issues. It is divided into three themes - infrastructure, planning, and community. Infrastructure examines how physical features such as parks and street patterns influence neighborliness and resilience, while planning studies how urban design enhances social interactions. Lastly, community discusses policies that can forge social bonds, either through racial integration, grassroots activities, or social service. Overall, the book combines research and empirical work with scholarly models of resilience and governance philosophy, focusing on Singapores urban planning and social policies.
Book
A Methodological Analysis Approach to Assess Solar Energy Potential at the Neighborhood Scale
Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization is continuously increasing buildings’ energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. In this scenario, solar energy integrated into the built environment can play an important role in optimizing the use of renewable energy sources on urban surfaces. Preliminary solar analyses to map the solar accessibility and solar potential of building surfaces (roofs and façades) should become a common practice among urban planners, architects, and public authorities. This paper presents an approach to support urban actors to assess solar energy potential at the neighborhood scale and to address the use of solar energy by considering overshadowing effects and solar inter-building reflections in accordance with urban morphology and building characteristics. The approach starts with urban analysis and solar irradiation analysis to elaborate solar mapping of façades and roofs. Data processing allows assessment of the solar potential of the whole case study neighborhood of Sluppen in Trondheim (Norway) by localizing the most radiated parts of buildings’ surfaces. Reduction factors defined by a new method are used to estimate the final solar potential considering shadowing caused by the presence of buildings’ architectural elements (e.g., glazed surfaces, balconies, external staircases, projections) and self-shading. Finally, rough estimation of solar energy generation is assessed by providing preliminary recommendations for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems suited to local conditions. Results show that depending on urban morphology and buildings’ shapes, PV systems can cover more than 40% of the total buildings’ energy needs in Trondheim.
Journal Article
Neighbourhood effects or neighbourhood based problems? : a policy context
\"This edited volume critically examines the link between area based policies, neighbourhood based problems, and neighbourhood effects: the idea that living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods has a negative effect on residents' life chances over and above the effect of their individual characteristics. Over the last few decades, Western governments have persistently pursued area based policies to fight such effects, despite a lack of evidence that they exist, or that these policies make a difference. The first part of this book presents case studies of perceived neighbourhood based problems in the domains of crime; health; educational outcomes; and employment. The second part of the book presents an international overview of the policies that different governments have implemented in response to these neighbourhood based problems, and discusses the theoretical and conceptual processes behind place based policy making. Case studies are drawn from a diverse range of countries including the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Australia, Canada, and the USA.\"--Publisher's website.
Book
The edge and the center in neighborhood planning units: assessing permeability and edge attractiveness in Abu Dhabi
Sustainable urban form research brought with it a renewed interest in neighborhood planning units (NPUs). While there is some insightful historical and qualitative research on the location of nonresidential uses in NPUs, quantitative analysis of the accessibility of nonresidential uses in NPUs has received minimal attention. This article uses Multiple Centrality Assessment to understand the accessibility of nonresidential land uses in NPUs designs. Using NPUs in Abu Dhabi as a case study, the paper analyzes different patterns of street networks across different scales and proposes new concepts and models for understanding accessibility. A framework for accessible NPUs focuses on three elements: street layout design, permeability, and edge attractiveness. Permeability is defined by high levels of Gravity and/or Betweenness at an NPU’s center at a global scale. On the other hand, the edge attractiveness that provides strong “seams” between NPUs is defined by high values of Gravity and/or Betweenness at an NPU’s edges and perimeter locations at a global scale. Findings suggest that a well-designed NPU must be characterized by both permeability and edge attractiveness. Results also indicate that nonresidential areas should be located according to their functions and level of intensity. Findings stress that at a local scale, NPUs should be designed to have high accessibility and low permeability for daily nonresidential facilities at the center. However, to promote the interconnection between adjacent NPUs, the street networks should have high accessibility and high edge attractiveness for nonresidential facilities located along the edges at a global scale. This research presents a conceptual approach and practical implications for planning NPUs’ nonresidential land uses and it contributes to the debate and practice on accessibility in an NPU.
Journal Article
Strategies for Post-COVID Cities: An Insight to Paris En Commun and Milano 2020
In recent times, many infectious diseases have been spreading at an increasing scale and frequency. There is a common agreement in the literature that our cities should be prepared in the future to react promptly to epidemics, but the way in which this preparedness should be shaped is still an open question. This study aims to introduce a series of factors that should be taken into consideration in building a working framework to define and evaluate strategies for post-COVID cities. Through the use of the mutual learning methodology, this contribution draws on the concept of the epidemic prevention area (EPA) proposed by a research team at the School of Architecture, Southeast University (SEU) in China together with the UNESCO Chair in Cultural Resource Management, as an urban responding system to the COVID-19 epidemic, extracting its main factors and comparing them with two European post-COVID urban strategies: The Paris en Commun and Milano 2020. Research findings highlight that three factors—decentralization of facilities, hierarchization of the transport system and public services, and redundancy of public and semipublic functions—appeared to be particularly relevant in post-COVID cities, to promptly face future epidemic events, while improving their quality, equity, and resilience.
Journal Article