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The Neolithic revolution
This book examines the factors that could have led to this revolution and the archaeological evidence of which changes happened where and when.
Book
Celt production processes and loci in Neolithic Greece
For reasons pertaining more to aesthetics than frequencies, celts represent the most studied macrolithic, i.e. ground stone, type from Neolithic Greece. Reports of varying length and thoroughness are available for roughly 50 assemblages. Due to archaeological biases, however, these assemblages are not evenly distributed geographically. Most derive from the regions of Macedonia and Thessaly, with other areas represented minimally or not at all. Equally important, research has shed light on the related types of raw material and acquisition methods, manufacturing techniques, aspects of use, practices of discard, as well as non-utilitarian dimensions. However, very little is known about the whereabouts of celt production. In this paper, we attempt to address both gaps by turning our attention to the northeastern region of Thrace and focusing on the celts excavated at the Middle-Late Neolithic tell site of Makri. We discuss these tools’ forms, lithologies, and chaînes opératoires, revisit a structure identified by the excavators as a ‘celt workshop’, bring in relevant data from other sites, and, last but not least, problematize the celt workshop concept itself. Neolitske sekire so v grški arheologiji eden izmed najbolj proučevanih makrolitov – obdelanih kamnov – predvsem zaradi svoje estetske vrednosti, ne pa njihove pogostosti. Na voljo je različno obsežna in podrobna dokumentacija o približno 50 zbirkah. Te pa zaradi metodoloških pristranskosti v arheološkem raziskovanju niso enakomerno geografsko porazdeljene; večina prihaja iz Makedonije in Tesalije, medtem ko so druge regije redko ali sploh ne zastopane. Raziskave so pokazale povezave med vrstami uporabljenih surovin, načini njihovega pridobivanja, tehnikami izdelave, funkcijami orodij, načini njihove zavrženosti in razmerjem do standardnih velikosti. O dejanskih lokacijah izdelave teh sekir pa vemo zelo malo. V članku skušamo zapolniti obe vrzeli – tako v geografski kot tehnološki distribuciji – s poudarkom na severovzhodni Trakiji. Analiziramo neolitske sekire, odkrite na srednje- in poznoneolitskem tell naselju Makri, s poudarkom na njihovih oblikah, petrografski sestavi in operacijski sekvenci izdelave. Ponovno ovrednotimo strukturo, ki so jo izkopavalci označili kot ‘delavnico sekir’, primerjamo najdbe z drugimi najdišči in podvomimo v koncept 'delavnice sekir'.
Journal Article
Simulacra of the ancestors
The ‘skull cults’ of the Neolithic Near East have long attracted scholarly attention but are often treated as an isolated regional phenomenon. This study explores their deeper origins and broader connections by examining material culture and symbolic practices from c. 150 000 to 8000 BP across Europe and the Near East. Using multifactorial statistical analyses of 32 features covering demography, body treatment, burial contexts, and grave goods from 219 sites, we integrate archaeological, climatic, theoretical, and archaeogenetic data. Results suggest that some traits of the Neolithic Southwest Asian ‘skull cults’ originated in the Middle Palaeolithic, while their defining distinction – primary burials in domestic settings versus secondary burials in public areas – emerged during the Mid-Upper Palaeolithic, notably at Pavlov (Czechia). The diversification of ‘skull cults’ accelerated after the Last Glacial Maximum amid large-scale population movements. In the Early Holocene, as agricultural households developed, these rituals were gradually replaced by new symbolic media such as pottery, figurines, and stamps – the so-called Neolithic Package. These portable ‘simulacra’ redefined representations of the body, house, and community. Although ‘skull cults’ disappeared, their symbolic legacy persisted, transmitted through material proxies that carried shared ideological codes across post-LGM Europe and the Near East. Preučevanje ‘kultov lobanj’ na neolitskem Bližnjem vzhodu predstavlja pomembno raziskovalno temo, čeprav se pogosto dojema kot prostorsko omejen pojav. V članku s pomočjo študija materialne kulture in simbolnih praks proučujemo njihov izvor in povezavo v času med c. 150 000 in 8000 leti pred sedanjostjo v Evropi in na Bližnjem Vzhodu. S pomočjo multivariatnih statističnih analiz smo analizirali 32 značilnosti, razvrščenih v 8 kategorij, povezanih z demografskimi podatki, obravnavo teles, pogrebnim kontekstom ter grobnimi pridatki na 219 arheoloških najdiščih. Rezultate smo povezali z arheološkimi, klimatskimi, teoretskimi in arheogenetskimi podatki. Ugotavljamo, da nekatere značilnosti neolitskih kultov lobanj v Jugozahodni Aziji izvirajo iz srednjega paleolitika, medtem ko se ključne razlike – primarni pokopi v bivalnem prostoru v nasprotju s sekundarnimi pokopi na javnem prostoru – pojavijo v sredini mlajšega paleolitika na najdišču Pavlov (Češka). Raznolikost ‘kultov lobanj’ se je po zadnjem glacialnem maksimumu močno povečala zaradi obsežnih selitev prebivalstva. V zgodnjem holocenu so te rituale z razvojem hišnih gospodinjstev postopoma nadomestili novi simbolni mediji, kot so keramika, figurice in pečatniki, t.i. neolitski paket. Ti prenosni 'simulakri' so na novo opredelili predstave o telesu, domu in skupnosti. Čeprav so ‘kulti lobanj’ izginili, se je njihova simbolna dediščina ohranila in prenašala s pomočjo nadomestkov, ki so imeli v obdobju po zadnjem glacialnem maksimumu skupni ideološki kod v Evropi in na Bližnjem vzhodu.
Journal Article
Big men or chiefs? : rondel builders of neolithic Europe
If there is a feature of the Central European Neolithic period that deserves increased attention of researchers and all those with interest in prehistory, it is circular architecture of the dimensions of many tens of metres, from which only negative imprints of the ditches and imprints of posts in the form of postholes or narrow trenches are preserved to this day. The reason is that it offers quite a different insight into the skills and interpersonal relationships of ancient societies that lived in Europe in the first half of the fifth millennium BC. The authors ask whether these structures, most often termed rondels, can be regarded as 'architecture of power' - the first clear evidence of thought-out power strategies of some individuals or their groups. Using anthropological terms - were they skilful and exceptional entrepreneurs with an ad hoc status (such as Big Men) living in egalitarian/segmented communities, or rather powerful Chiefs living in rank and hereditary based societies/chiefdoms?0.
Book
El fnal de un camino. Las primeras hoces neolíticas documentadas en yacimientos portugueses
Abstract There is little evidence of agriculture linked to the first Neolithic in Portugal In fact, the scarce preservation of car-pological remains has not made iteasy to knowthe reality of agricultural practices in relation to the species exploited. In this context, doubts have arisen about the role this activity may have played among the first farming and herding communities in the country. Keywords Portugal, Early Neolithic, Farming Practices, Lithic Tools, Use-Wear Analysis. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN El proceso de neolitización está estrechamente ligado a las nuevas prácticas económi-cas en las que la domesticación animal y vegetal tiene un papel fundamental.
Journal Article
The early Mediterranean village : agency, material culture, and social change in Neolithic Italy
What was life like in Italy between 6000 and 3500 BC? This book brings together the archaeological evidence on a wide range of aspects of life in Neolithic Italy and surrounding regions (Sicily and Malta).
Book
El antropomorfo en cerámica de cova Fosca (Ares del Maestrat, Castelló)
Summary This work presents a Neolithic anthropomorphic ceramic figurine, unpublished until now. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the formal characteristics and the spatio-temporal contextualization of this figurine. [...]stylistic and formal similarities will be analysed, in order to examine its possible function. Bayesian statistics applied to the available radiocarbon dates have allocated this figurine in the first quarter of the 7th millennium cal BP. Con este método se ha conseguido una mayor definición en la secuencia crono-estratigráfica y ubicar el antropomorfo de una forma más precisa.
Journal Article
A social archaeology of households in neolithic Greece : an anthropological approach
This volume examines how the household is defined socially, culturally and historically in Neolithic Greece.
Book
