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The species of Lamiaceae described in 1753 by Linnaeus as Phlomis zeylanica L. (= Leucas zeylanica (L.) R.Br.) and Phlomis indica L. (= Leucas indica (L.) R.Br.) are distinct. The neotype designated for Phlomis indica L. belongs to a different taxon, hence a specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) is redesignated as neotype. Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. is the legitimate name for the Linnaean species Leonurus indicus L. The south Indian endemic variety Leucas lavandulifolia var. decipiens (Hook.f.) Chandrab. & S.R. Sriniv. is neotypified. A key to the four taxa is provided.

The typification of fourteen Linnaean names in Hieracium, viz. H. aurantiacum, H. auricula, H. chondrilloides, H. cymosum, H. dubium, H. glutinosum, H. hedypnoides, H. incanum, H. murorum var. pilosissimum, H. murorum var. sylvaticum, H. porrifolium, H. pumilum, H. sabaudum and H. tomentosum, is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of Linnaeus’s original material and the literature cited in the respective protologue. The names are lectotypified using specimens preserved at UPS-BURSER and LINN, and two illustrations of Boccone and Dillenius. Linnaeus’s original material of H. pumilum and H. pyrenaicum var. helveticum could not be found. A specimen in S-LINN that best conforms with the diagnosis for H. pumilum is selected as the neotype for that name. The application of the name H. pyrenaicum var. helveticum appears uncertain, and therefore it is treated as nomen ambiguum. Finally, epitypes are designated for H. porrifolium and H. tomentosum due to ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotypes.

The name Cleome heptaphylla was published by Linnaeus in the second edition of Species plantarum and is still untypified. Analysis of the protologue and the associated pre-Linnaean names indicated the absence of original material that could serve for lectotypification. A specimen from Miller’s herbarium at BM is designated as its neotype. The neotype of C. heptaphylla is also original material of C. erucago, another untypified name in this group, published a few years later by Miller. Cleome erucago is lectotypified using the same specimen and, as such, it is a homotypic synonym of C. heptaphylla.

Based on traditional morphology, sequence data, and phylogenetic analyses, 18 new species are here described: Coprinellus christianopolitanus , Coprinopsis musae , C. udicola , Psathyrella arenosa , P. carminei , P. fennoscandica , P. ichnusae , P. lilliputana , P. lyckebodensis , P. madida , P. rybergii , P. sabuletorum , P. scanica , P. siccophila , P. stridvallii , P. sublatispora , P. vesterholtii , and Typhrasa nanispora. Psathyrella hololanigera and P. tenera are reported as new to Europe and P. parva as new to the Nordic countries. A four-gene dataset on Psathyrellaceae were analyzed by Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Constraint analyses were performed to determine limits of /Psathyrella, and to evaluate whether the /Coprinellus, /cordisporus, and /gossypina clades could be regarded with confidence as monophyletic clades outside of the clade /Psathyrella. This was not unambiguously supported. Based on the phylogenetic results, Kauffmania is proposed as a monotypic genus for the species P. larga and Typhrasa for P. gossypina and the new described species T. nanispora . The genus Homophron is formally validated and three combinations are proposed: H. spadiceum , H. cernuum , and H. camptopodum . The genus Cystoagaricus Singer is emended and the following new combinations are proposed: C. hirtosquamulosus, C. squarrosiceps, C. olivaceogriseus , and C. silvestris. Neotypes have been selected for seven species described by Fries, and ITS sequence data for these were generated. The following new combinations are proposed: Coprinopsis canoceps , C. cineraria , C. melanthina , C. submicrospora , C. uliginicola, and Typhrasa gossypina . Brief comments are given to other species of interest. Psathyrella ornatispora were found not to belong in Psathyrellaceae . A key to 106 psathyrelloid species in Northern Europe is provided.

An update of the nomenclature of 49 Caribbean Island-occurring taxa of Plumeria (Apocynaceae: Plumerieae) is presented. We designate lectotypes for the following 29 names: Plumeria alba var. jacquiniana, P. apiculata, P. barahonensis, P. beatensis, P. berteroi, P. biglandulosa, P. confusa, P. cuneifolia, P. dictyophylla, P. discolor, P. domingensis, P. gibbosa, P. inaguensis, P. jaegeri, P. jamaicensis, P. krugii, P. leuconeura, P. longiflora, P. marchii, P. obtusa var. laevis, P. obtusa var. parviflora, P. ostenfeldii, P. paulinae, P. pilosula, P. revolutifolia, P. stenopetala, P. stenopetala var. angustissima, P. subsessilis, and P. trouinensis. A neotype is assigned to P. bahamensis, and epitypes are presented for P. alba var. jacquiniana, P. gibbosa and P. stenopetala. Plumeria portoricensis is regarded as an uncertain name. Fifteen of the Cuban endemics were inadvertently lectotypified; three of them (P. cayensis, P. cubensis, P. stenophylla) require a two-step lectotypification, which is presented here. Two of the names (P. filifolia, P. tuberculata) were lectotypified in previous works and we concord with these typifications. The protologue of P. magna includes the holotype for this name.

The systematics of the Barbacenia Vand. Atlantic Forest Inselberg group (Barbacenia AFI), and the description of two new AFI species, B. amphirupia Mello-Silva & Andr. Cabral and B. maritima Mello-Silva & Andr. Cabral, are here presented. Lectotypes are designated for B. fannieae (N. L. Menezes) Mello-Silva, B. mantiqueirae Goethart & Henrard, B. purpurea Hook. var. minor Seub., B. squamata Herb., and Vellozia coerulescens Hort. Belg. ex Gumbl., and a neotype is designated for B. foliosa Goethart & Henrard. Barbacenia burlemarxii L. B. Sm. & Ayensu was placed into synonymy of B. pabstiana L. B. Sm. & Ayensu, B. caricina Goethart & Henrard of B. brevifolia Taub., B. gaveensis Goethart & Henrard, B. foliosa, B. purpurea var. minor, and B. seubertiana Goethart & Henrard under B. squamata, B. ionantha L. B. Sm. and B. monticola L. B. Sm. & Ayensu under B. irwiniana L. B. Sm., and V. coerulescens under B. purpurea. An identification key and morphological and anatomical descriptions for the species are presented, as well as comments on the affinities among the species, geographical distribution, and conservation status.

The papilionoid legume trees generally known as tonka, baru and cumaru comprise the taxonomically complex genus Dipteryx. In addition to being ecologically important across the neotropical biomes of rain forests and savannas, Dipteryx species are valuable sources of timber as well as an array of coumarin products. This genus currently comprises 14 accepted species with a convoluted nomenclatural history. Dipteryx is morphologically recognized by the flattened leaf rachis, asymmetrical leaflets, truly papilionate flowers, and drupaceous fruits. The generic name Dipteryx is conserved against Coumarouna and Taralea since Taralea is a heterotypic synonym and is accepted here as a distinct entity. We analyzed 65 names and designations that have been associated with Dipteryx and provide all orthographic variants, type localities, one new combination, 10 new lectotypes, one neotype, and one new synonym. Finally, we present an updated checklist of accepted and excluded names in Dipteryx. By highlighting the nomenclatural problems in Dipteryx, we hope the genus can serve as a model of how the typification process of older names linked primarily to Amazonian species should be treated.

Leea trifoliata M.A.Lawson has long been considered conspecific with L. compactiflora Kurz. Detailed examination of live materials and herbarium specimens suggests that both species are distinct, differing in habit, leaf architecture, and inflorescence and bract morphology. This contribution presents morphological evidence for the reinstatement of L. trifoliata , including its taxonomic description, illustration, distribution maps, notes on habitat, and conservation status assessment using the IUCN criteria. In addition, A neotype was selected for L. compactiflora .

Centaurea aplolepa Moretti and C. leucophaea Jord. (Asteraceae) are endemic to the central-western Mediterranean and include, respectively, ten and six subspecies, mostly occurring in north-western Italy and south-eastern France. As part of an ongoing systematic study on Centaurea L. sect. Centaurea from the central Mediterranean, 17 nomenclatural types (13 lectotypes, three neotypes and one epitype) are designated to fix the application of all names of the taxa described for France and Italy and related to C. aplolepa and C. leucophaea . In addition, previous typifications are critically revised and discussed. Centaurea aplolepa subsp. maremmana (Fiori) Dostál and C. litigiosa (Fiori) Arrigoni, two currently accepted taxa endemic to Tuscany (central Italy), are respectively considered here as heterotypic synonyms of C. aplolepa subsp. carueliana (Micheletti) Dostál and C. aplolepa subsp. cosana (Fiori) Dostál. Finally, C. aplolepa subsp. gallinariae (Briq. & Cavill.) Dostál, a currently accepted subspecies narrowly endemic to the Gallinara island (Liguria, northern Italy), is considered here as a heterotypic synonym of C. leucophaea subsp. brunnescens (Briq.) Dostál.