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"Nephews"
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The forgotten kin : aunts and uncles
\"Although much is written about contemporary families, the focus is typically limited to marriage and parenting. In this path-breaking assessment of families, sociologist Robert M. Milardo demonstrates how aunts and uncles contribute to the daily lives of parents and their children. Aunts and uncles complement the work of parents, sometimes act as second parents, and sometimes form entirely unique brands of intimacy grounded in a lifetime of shared experiences. The Forgotten Kin explores how aunts and uncles support parents, buffer the relationships of parents and children, act as family historians, and develop lifelong friendships with parents and their children. This is the first comprehensive study of its kind, detailing the routine activities of aunts and uncles, the features of families that encourage closeness, how aunts and uncles go about mentoring nieces and nephews, and how adults are mentored by the very children for whom they are responsible. This book aims to change the public discourse on families and the involvement of the forgotten kin across generations and households\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Bruno Schulz and his 1926 Article: “Regarding the Problem of Determining Hereditary Prognosis. The Affliction Prospects for Nephews and Nieces of Schizophrenics”
Authored by one of Rüdin’s most productive colleagues, Bruno Schulz, the main goal of this article was to estimate risk for dementia praecox (DP) in nieces/nephews (n/n) of DP probands to address practical questions for genetic counseling. Schulz selected 76 primary probands from records of the genealogical department of the German Research Institute of Psychiatry who both had DP and had siblings—secondary probands—with children aged 20 years or greater. Those children had a morbid risk for DP of 1.4%, much lower than that found in the offspring of DP in Hoffmann’s study. However, the secondary probands had much lower rates of DP than the unselected siblings of DP cases studied by Rüdin. So rates of DP in n/n of DP probands are likely lower than expected theoretically because the secondary probands are being indirectly selected for a lowered genetic risk for DP by having successfully reproduced. Schulz diagnosed eccentric and other disordered personalities in the secondary probands and their spouses and presented evidence that other disordered personalities but especially eccentric personalities in parents were related to the risk of both eccentricity and DP in their children, the n/n of the DP probands. Eugenic issues play a minor role in this article. Although generally supportive of eugenic goals, historical sources document that Schulz was opposed to the National Socialists and actively attempted to protect Jews and his patients from involuntary sterilization. This complicates attempts to judge the morality of the work of the Rüdin school as a single unit.
Journal Article
Burning Meredith
\"The Meredith Mountain fire starts on Labor Day weekend and rages for days-- an awesome sight, leaving a trail of havoc and destruction in its wake. Alice Adams edits the Clark's Fort Guardian newspaper, ably assisted by her nephew, Stuart Campbell, and the two cover the blaze for the paper, wowing the local community with their stunning photographs and features. When the fire is finally contained and the mop-up crew discover a burned male body under a fallen log, Alice and Stuart investigate. It seems he died in the fire, but with no ID and nobody knowing anything about the body, they soon face a daunting task-- and some disturbing revelations. Can they unravel the truth?\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The First Reported Clinical Outcomes of a Next Generation Five‐Layer Foam Dressing for Exudate Management: A Retrospective, Real World, Cohort Analysis From the United States
The management of wound exudate is a critical component of best practice, evidence‐based wound care. This analysis aimed to demonstrate the first clinical and performance outcomes of a newly designed, next generation five‐layer foam dressing for exudate management. A real‐world, retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at two healthcare organizations in the United States (US). Patients with acute or chronic wounds receiving a next generation five‐layer foam dressing were extracted from the organizations' Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. Utilizing descriptive statistics, the clinical outcomes and Healthcare Professional (HCP) reported dressing performance outcomes are reported. Twenty‐five patients with 28 acute or chronic wounds were evaluated during routine care, over a median treatment period of 42 days. Exudate levels improved, with high exudate decreasing from 60.7% to 39.3%, and favourable shifts in exudate type over time. Periwound condition improved, with maceration decreasing from 67.9% to 14.3%. Median wound area and volume decreased by 46.3% and 51.3%, respectively, with 17.9% of wounds achieving complete closure. HCP‐reported dressing performance exceeded expectations at 93%. This retrospective analysis demonstrates improvements in exudate levels, periwound status and wound status, alongside favourable HCP‐reported performance of a new next‐generation five‐layer foam dressing, during routine wound management. Key Points Exudate management from acute and chronic wounds is critical to enabling successful wound progression. This retrospective analysis reports the first clinical outcomes of a new next generation 5‐layer foam dressing in 25 patients. Improvement reported across exudate levels, exudate type and periwound condition, including reduction presence of maceration. Wound area and volume reduced by 46.3% and 51.3%, respectively. Dressing performance reported by HCPs exceeded 93%.
Journal Article
Reduced Clinical and Economic Burden Through Evidence‐Based Dressing Selection for Wound Management: Findings From a Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
The growing burden of wounds is placing pressure on clinicians and healthcare providers globally. This study aimed to determine the impact of using a hydrocellular polyurethane foam dressing (HPFD) on weekly dressing changes in mixed aetiology wounds. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting HPFD use versus other/previous dressings via PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A total of four studies were found reporting the use of HPFD in comparison to other dressings (386 patients), with 3 of these studies specifically providing data for HPFD use versus other (non‐HPFD) foam dressings (136 patients). Meta‐analysis revealed mean differences of −1.66 [95% CI −1.87;−1.48] and −1.23 [95% CI −1.65;−0.83] dressing changes per week in favour of HPFD versus other dressings and other foam dressings, respectively. A cost calculator model assessed the economic impact of this reduction of dressing change frequency from US and UK payer perspectives and found a 41% and 36% relative reduction in dressing change‐related costs in hospital/clinic and community settings for both perspectives. These findings were stable under sensitivity analyses, which identified clinical time as being the predominant driver of costs in all settings. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate evidence‐based dressing selection in enabling the extension of dressing wear times. Key Points The increasing burden of wound management weighs heavily on already stretched clinical and financial resources within healthcare systems. Use of specific evidence‐based dressings led to a reduction in the number of mean weekly dressing changes in a variety of healthcare settings and wounds when compared to previously used dressings. A health economic model estimated that the reduction in dressing changes resulted in substantial cost savings, primarily through a reduction in nursing time. Evidence‐based dressing selection can drive meaningful efficiencies in wound care delivery by releasing clinical resource and reducing costs.
Journal Article
Genetic relatedness predicts contact frequencies with siblings, nieces and nephews: Results from the Generational Transmissions in Finland surveys
Kin selection theory predicts that people should invest more in their full than their half siblings, and more in their nieces and nephews via full siblings than via half siblings. To study these predictions we use two nationally representative surveys that were collected as a part of the Generational Transmissions in Finland project. The subjects are representative of an older generation (born in 1945-1950) and a younger generation (born in 1962-1993). We found that both generations reported more contacts with full than with half siblings, and more with nieces and nephews via full than half siblings respectively. The results of the study are in line with the kin selection theory.
Journal Article
The Rise of Expressive Authenticity
Introduces a special journal issue, \"Laying Claim to Authenticity: Anthropological Dilemmas\". In the rest of this special collection, a number of scholars will present ethnographic case studies and theoretical perspectives that situate the pursuit and instantiation of authenticity in cultural terms. In so doing, they expand upon recent work by anthropologists who have explored authenticity in its various forms, trajectories, and consequences. This article outlines some of the major ways in which one aspect of authenticity, in the particular form of 'being thyself,' came to serve as a prevalent trope for transcendence in the Western world. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
Biomechanical comparison of headless compression screws versus independent locking screw for intra-articular fractures
Purpose
Headless compression screws (HCS) have a variable thread pitch and headless design enabling them to embed below the articular surface and generate compression force for fracture healing without restricting movement. Locking screws have greater variety of dimensions and a threaded pitch mirroring the design of the HCS. The objective of this study is to determine whether locking screws can generate compression force and compare the compressive forces generated by HCS versus locking screws.
Method
A comparison between 3.5-mm HCS versus 3.5-mm locking screws and 2.8-mm HCS versus 2.7-mm locking screws was performed using a synthetic foam bone model (Synbone) and FlexiForce sensors to record the compression forces (
N
). The mean peak compression force was calculated from a sample of 3 screws for each screw type. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA test and statistical significance was determined to be
p
= <
0.05.
Results
The 3.5-mm Synthes and Smith and Nephew locking screws generated similar peak compression forces to the 3.5-mm Acutrak 2 headless compression screws with no statistically significant difference between them. The smaller 2.7-mm Synthes and Smith and Nephew locking screws initially generated similar compressive forces up to 1.5 and 2 revolutions, respectively, but their peak compression force was less compared to the 2.8-mm Micro Acutrak 2 HCS.
Conclusion
Locking screws are able to generate compressive forces and may be a viable alternative to headless compressive screws supporting their use for intra-articular fractures.
Journal Article
Haplodiploidy and the Evolution of Eusociality: Worker Revolution
Hamilton suggested that inflated relatedness between sisters promotes the evolution of eusociality in haplodiploid populations. Trivers and Hare observed that for this to occur, workers have to direct helping preferentially toward the production of sisters. Building on this, they proposed two biological scenarios whereby haplodiploidy could act to promote the evolution of eusociality: (a) workers biasing the sex allocation of the queen’s brood toward females and (b) workers replacing the queen’s sons with their own sons. This “worker revolution,” whereby the worker class seizes control of sex allocation and reproduction, is expected to lead to helping being promoted in worker-controlled colonies. Here, we use a kin-selection approach to model the two scenarios suggested by Trivers and Hare. We show that (1) worker control of sex allocation may promote helping, but this effect is likely to be weak and short lived; and (2) worker reproduction tends to inhibit rather than promote helping. Furthermore, the promotion of helping is reduced by a number of biologically likely factors, including the presence of workers increasing colony productivity, workers being unmated, and worker control of sex allocation being underpinned by many loci each having a small effect. Overall, our results suggest that haplodiploidy has had a negligible influence on the evolution of eusociality.
Journal Article