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"New France"
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The Family on Trial in Revolutionary France
by
Desan, Suzanne
in
18th century
,
Domestic relations
,
Domestic relations -- France -- History -- 18th century
2004,2006
In a groundbreaking book that challenges many assumptions about gender and politics in the French Revolution, Suzanne Desan offers an insightful analysis of the ways the Revolution radically redefined the family and its internal dynamics. She shows how revolutionary politics and laws brought about a social revolution within households and created space for thousands of French women and men to reimagine their most intimate relationships. Families negotiated new social practices, including divorce, the reduction of paternal authority, egalitarian inheritance for sons and daughters alike, and the granting of civil rights to illegitimate children. Contrary to arguments that claim the Revolution bound women within a domestic sphere,The Family on Trialmaintains that the new civil laws and gender politics offered many women unexpected opportunities to gain power, property, or independence. The family became a political arena, a practical terrain for creating the Republic in day-to-day life. From 1789, citizens across France-sons and daughters, unhappily married spouses and illegitimate children, pamphleteers and moralists, deputies and judges-all disputed how the family should be reformed to remake the new France. They debated how revolutionary ideals and institutions should transform the emotional bonds, gender dynamics, legal customs, and economic arrangements that structured the family. They asked how to bring the principles of liberty, equality, and regeneration into the home. And as French citizens confronted each other in the home, in court, and in print, they gradually negotiated new domestic practices that balanced Old Regime customs with revolutionary innovations in law and culture. In a narrative that combines national-level analysis with a case study of family contestation in Normandy, Desan explores these struggles to bring politics into households and to envision and put into practice a new set of familial relationships.
The Catholic Calumet
2011,2012
In 1730 a delegation of Illinois Indians arrived in the French colonial capital of New Orleans. An Illinois leader presented two ceremonial pipes, or calumets, to the governor. One calumet represented the diplomatic alliance between the two men and the other symbolized their shared attachment to Catholicism. The priest who documented this exchange also reported with excitement how the Illinois recited prayers and sang hymns in their Native language, a display that astonished the residents of New Orleans. The \"Catholic\" calumet and the Native-language prayers and hymns were the product of long encounters between the Illinois and Jesuit missionaries, men who were themselves transformed by these sometimes intense spiritual experiences. The conversions of people, communities, and cultural practices that led to this dramatic episode all occurred in a rapidly evolving and always contested colonial context.In The Catholic Calumet, historian Tracy Neal Leavelle examines interactions between Jesuits and Algonquian-speaking peoples of the upper Great Lakes and Illinois country, including the Illinois and Ottawas, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Leavelle abandons singular definitions of conversion that depend on the idealized elevation of colonial subjects from \"savages\" to \"Christians\" for more dynamic concepts that explain the changes that all participants experienced. A series of thematic chapters on topics such as myth and historical memory, understandings of human nature, the creation of colonial landscapes, translation of religious texts into Native languages, and the influence of gender and generational differences demonstrates that these encounters resulted in the emergence of complicated and unstable cross-cultural religious practices that opened new spaces for cultural creativity and mutual adaptation.
The legacy of the new wave in French cinema
In this study of the impact and influence of the New Wave in French cinema, Douglas Murray looks at both the subsequent careers of New Wave filmmakers and the work of later film directors and film movements in France. This book is organized around a series of key moments from the past 50 years of French cinema in order to show how the meaning and legacy of the New Wave have shifted over time and how the priorities, approaches and discourses of filmmakers and film critics have changed over the years. Morrey tackles key concepts such as the auteur, the relationship of form and content, gender and sexuality, intertextuality and rhythm. Filmmakers discussed include Godard, Truffaut, Varda, Chabrol and Rohmer plus Philippe Garrel, Luc Besson, Leos Carax, Bruno Dumont, the Dardenne brothers, Christophe Honore, Francois Ozon and Jacques Audiard.
The Jesuit Mission to New France
2011,2010
A new interpretation of the Jesuit mission to New France is here proposed by using, for comparison and contrast, the earlier Jesuit experience in Japan. In order to present revisionist perspectives of the Jesuit missions based on a broader international framework beyond North America, the existing historical paradigms of the Jesuit missionary activity to Amerindians based on the limited regional history of New France are re-examined.
Nobility Lost
2014,2017
With Nobility Lost , Christian Ayne Crouch
offers a radical reconsideration of the significance of the Seven
Years' War for Atlantic history and memory. Deftly drawing on a
sweeping range of archival and literary sources, she has crafted a
compelling account of clashing martial cultures and in so doing,
has reinterpreted the war's legacy in indigenous consciousness as
well as its erasure from France's national and imperial
narratives. -Sophie White, author of Wild Frenchmen and
Frenchified Indians
Nobility Lost is a cultural history of
the Seven Years' War in French-claimed North America, focused on
the meanings of wartime violence and the profound impact of the
encounter between Canadian, Indian, and French cultures of war and
diplomacy. This narrative highlights the relationship between
events in France and events in America and frames them
dialogically, as the actors themselves experienced them at the
time. Christian Ayne Crouch examines how codes of martial valor
were enacted and challenged by metropolitan and colonial leaders to
consider how those acts affected French-Indian relations, the
culture of French military elites, ideas of male valor, and the
trajectory of French colonial enterprises afterwards, in the second
half of the eighteenth century. At Versailles, the conflict
pertaining to the means used to prosecute war in New France would
result in political and cultural crises over what constituted
legitimate violence in defense of the empire. These arguments
helped frame the basis for the formal French cession of its North
American claims to the British in the Treaty of Paris of 1763.
While the French regular army, the troupes de terre (a
late-arriving contingent to the conflict), framed warfare within
highly ritualized contexts and performances of royal and personal
honor that had evolved in Europe, the troupes de la marine
(colonial forces with economic stakes in New France) fought to
maintain colonial land and trade. A demographic disadvantage forced
marines and Canadian colonial officials to accommodate Indian
practices of gift giving and feasting in preparation for battle,
adopt irregular methods of violence, and often work in cooperation
with allied indigenous peoples, such as Abenakis, Hurons, and
Nipissings.
Drawing on Native and European perspectives, Crouch shows the
period of the Seven Years' War to be one of decisive transformation
for all American communities. Ultimately the augmented strife
between metropolitan and colonial elites over the aims and means of
warfare, Crouch argues, raised questions about the meaning and cost
of empire not just in North America but in the French Atlantic and,
later, resonated in France's approach to empire-building around the
globe. The French government examined the cause of the colonial
debacle in New France at a corruption trial in Paris (known as
l'affaire du Canada ), and assigned blame. Only colonial
officers were tried, and even those who were acquitted found
themselves shut out of participation in new imperial projects in
the Caribbean and in the Pacific.
By tracing the subsequent global circumnavigation of Louis
Antoine de Bougainville, a decorated veteran of the French
regulars, 1766-1769, Crouch shows how the lessons of New France
were assimilated and new colonial enterprises were constructed
based on a heightened jealousy of French honor and a corresponding
fear of its loss in engagement with Native enemies and allies.
Nobility Lost is a cultural history of the Seven Years'
War in French-claimed North America, focused on the meanings of
wartime violence and the profound impact of the encounter between
Canadian, Indian, and French cultures of war and diplomacy. This
narrative highlights the relationship between events in France and
events in America and frames them dialogically, as the actors
themselves experienced them at the time. Christian Ayne Crouch
examines how codes of martial valor were enacted and challenged by
metropolitan and colonial leaders to consider how those acts
affected French-Indian relations, the culture of French military
elites, ideas of male valor, and the trajectory of French colonial
enterprises afterwards, in the second half of the eighteenth
century. At Versailles, the conflict pertaining to the means used
to prosecute war in New France would result in political and
cultural crises over what constituted legitimate violence in
defense of the empire. These arguments helped frame the basis for
the formal French cession of its North American claims to the
British in the Treaty of Paris of 1763.While the French regular
army, the troupes de terre (a late-arriving contingent to
the conflict), framed warfare within highly ritualized contexts and
performances of royal and personal honor that had evolved in
Europe, the troupes de la marine (colonial forces with
economic stakes in New France) fought to maintain colonial land and
trade. A demographic disadvantage forced marines and Canadian
colonial officials to accommodate Indian practices of gift giving
and feasting in preparation for battle, adopt irregular methods of
violence, and often work in cooperation with allied indigenous
peoples, such as Abenakis, Hurons, and Nipissings.Drawing on Native
and European perspectives, Crouch shows the period of the Seven
Years' War to be one of decisive transformation for all American
communities. Ultimately the augmented strife between metropolitan
and colonial elites over the aims and means of warfare, Crouch
argues, raised questions about the meaning and cost of empire not
just in North America but in the French Atlantic and, later,
resonated in France's approach to empire-building around the globe.
The French government examined the cause of the colonial debacle in
New France at a corruption trial in Paris (known as l'affaire
du Canada ), and assigned blame. Only colonial officers were
tried, and even those who were acquitted found themselves shut out
of participation in new imperial projects in the Caribbean and in
the Pacific. By tracing the subsequent global circumnavigation of
Louis Antoine de Bougainville, a decorated veteran of the French
regulars, 1766-1769, Crouch shows how the lessons of New France
were assimilated and new colonial enterprises were constructed
based on a heightened jealousy of French honor and a corresponding
fear of its loss in engagement with Native enemies and allies.
Defying Empire
2008
This enthralling book is the first to uncover the story of New York City merchants who engaged in forbidden trade with the enemy before and during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War). Ignoring British prohibitions designed to end North America's wartime trade with the French, New York's merchant elite conducted a thriving business in the French West Indies, insisting that their behavior was protected by long practice and British commercial law. But the government in London viewed it as treachery, and its subsequent efforts to discipline North American commerce inflamed the colonists.
Through fast-moving events and unforgettable characters, historian Thomas M. Truxes brings eighteenth-century New York and the Atlantic world to life. There are spies, street riots, exotic settings, informers, courtroom dramas, interdictions on the high seas, ruthless businessmen, political intrigues, and more. The author traces each phase of the city's trade with the enemy and details the frustrations that affected both British officials and independent-minded New Yorkers. The first book to focus on New York City during the Seven Years' War,Defying Empirereveals the important role the city played in hastening the colonies' march toward revolution.