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The authors randomly selected 50 Nobel Peace Prize speeches and content analyzed them to determine which values the speakers extolled most frequently. The 10 most frequently mentioned values were peace (in 100% of the speeches), hope (92%), security (86%), justice (85%), responsibility (81%), liberty (80%), tolerance (79%), altruism (75%), God (49%), and truth (38%). The authors discuss the interplay of these values in the modern world and implications regarding the search for universal moral values.

Abstract Conflicts globally have reportedly declined even though the number of African countries plagued by internal cross border strife has increased. Given this trend, the African peace and security architecture has evolved considerably over the past decade, culminating in the award of the Nobel Peace Prize - to one of the key actors in peace-making process, Ahmed Abiy Ali. Hence, this paper explores how the inter-state conflicts in Africa, such as the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict, reflect some colonial continuities of violence. We, therefore, stipulate the justification for the Nobel Peace Prize to illustrate how norms evolve, and further, how identities are constituted in peace-making. This, we argue, is parallel to other situations in African countries as manifested through identity, legitimacy, and authority in shaping political decisions, within the mutually constitutive relationships between agents and political structures. The paper, therefore, situates the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea into the African context using a model of the decisive action by Abiy, with limited Western influence towards peace, hence providing rationale for subaltern voices and indigenous peace processes in Africa.

Józef Rotblat, a nuclear physicist born and educated in Poland, is the only laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize, who made a significant contribution to the development of nuclear medicine. In 1948 he went down in the annals of nuclear medicine by obtaining, with extarnal measurements, the first \"image \" of a function of an internal organ - thyroid gland, by registering gamma rays with a collimated Geiger counter at many points of the patient's neck and chest. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Rotblat in 1995 for organizing, together with the a British philosopher Bertrand Russell, the international, peaceful movement of scholars for the eradication of weapons of mass destruction (Pugwash) and multi-annual activity in this movement.

This article explores the inclusion of external voices in news reports, especially looking at the way these are exploited for appraising purposes. It is argued that attributions are not evaluation outlets for sources only, but indirect means of appraisal for the journalists as well, who support - and reinforce - the points they want to make through these voices. In this way, quotations help them imprint their personal views on the events and ultimately serve an ideological function in the text. The study compares the use of attributed material in various pieces of online news reporting on the announcement of the Nobel Peace Prize award to the Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo. Taking some elements of Appraisal Theory, the article examines the role of external sources in two corpora representing opposite ideological positions concerning this event - China and the Western world - in order to explore how such material is used by the writer to engage in an ideological-evaluative activity.

This paper is an account of the history of Léon Walras's attempt to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1906. It describes Walras's moves to get three of his Lausanne colleagues to nominate him for the prize, the arguments advanced in the proposal, and the reception that it received by the Norwegian Peace Prize Committee in Kristiania (Oslo). It discusses whether Walras had realistic reasons to believe that he stood a chance of winning the prize, and it evaluates the validity of the arguments on which the proposal was based.

The Common Core State Standards have cast a renewed light on reading instruction, presenting teachers with the new requirements to teach close reading of complex texts. Teachers and administrators should consider a number of essential features of close reading: They are short, complex texts; rich discussions based on worthy questions; revisiting and annotating the text; and being inspired by the text. Educators should consider these the look-fors that deepen students’ interactions with text.

This article is a critical analysis of media discourses in which a dissident social actor is represented in China's state-run English-language press. Specifically, it looks at media coverage of Liu Xiaobo, author of Charter 2008, a document calling for democracy and human rights in China. He was imprisoned for 11 years by the Chinese government for disseminating Charter 2008, but subsequently (to the government's chagrin) was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in advocating human rights. This investigation examines articles from China's English press on Liu Xiaobo. A transitivity analysis is conducted followed by an investigation of identifying and attributive relational processes in the texts. The findings show the use of passive agent deletion, definition/re-definition, and the attribution of derogating qualities to dissidents with the purpose of introducing biased ideological representations (positive-Self/negative-Other) into the discourse.