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Purpose - This paper addresses the question 'Does the growth of nonperforming loan ratio (GNPL) have a temporal impact on private credit growth (PCG)?' for the Bangladesh banking industry during and after the global financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach - It employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the temporal equilibrium relationship and causality between PCG and GNPL. Findings - The results of ARDL bound tests confirm the existence of a single cointegrating vector and temporal equilibrium relationship between variables of interest. According to the error correction mechanism (ECM), there is unidirectional causality from GNPL to PCG in the long run and short run. In the long run, higher GNPL curtails PCG since bankers use the nonperforming loan ratio as a signal and indicator of credit risk in their loan decision-making. In the short run, GNPL positively impacts PCG. It may be because banks go through a rigorous process before declaring a loan as nonperforming that takes time. At the same time, bankers' loan decisions may also be guided by the banks myopic concern of reputation in the short run. Practical implications - The paper recommends policy prescriptions for the bank risk management, regulatory bodies and the legal authorities. The lending policy of banks should consider the legacy of bad assets. The efficiency of the legal system can also aid in effectively implementing the regulatory guidelines. Originality/value - The paper inaugurates a bivariate cointegration analysis between PCG and GNPL in the literature. It has utilized quarterly aggregate data in the context of a developing economy like Bangladesh.

Credit risk is one of the biggest challenges banks in Nigeria are faced with. By implication, it is also the one with dire consequences for their operation and survival, given the fact that a series of banks' failures have significantly been brought into connection with nonperforming loans. Thus, this study examined the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of the nonperforming loans of the listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). Regression analysis involving fixed effect was adopted in order to analyze the panel data of the 10 selected deposit money banks in the period from 2008 to 2017. The findings show that the capital adequacy ratio, the size and the loans-to-total-assets ratio negatively and significantly affect nonperforming loans, whereas profitability and age were found to significantly but positively influence nonperforming loans of the Nigerian deposit money banks. More so, the liquidity ratio negatively, but insignificantly, affects nonperforming loans. However, not a single macroeconomic variable exerts a significant effect on nonperforming loans. The study recommends that banks should always deploy strategies for credit risk management by taking cognizance of the bank-specific and economic determinants of the nonperforming loans.

This study inspects the factors affecting liquidity of the state-owned banks in Bangladesh from 2013 to 2022, concentrating on the impact of bank size, non-performing loans, capital adequacy ratio, cost-to-income ratio, return on equity, and cash reserve ratio. We have constructed panel data and conducted linear regression where non-performing banks' liquid assets (lnLIQ) are the dependent variable. To check the robustness of the study, we used another liquidity proxy, the current ratio (CRO). The results propose a positive relationship between bank size and liquidity, indicating that larger banks are inclined to hold more liquidity, potentially due to their capacity to access various funding sources. Non-performing loans (NPL) negatively impact liquidity, as banks with higher NPLs face increased credit risk, which compels them to allocate more resources to cover loan losses, reducing liquidity. The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is positively related to liquidity with statistical significance, whereas the cost-to-income ratio (CIR) has a negative relationship. The outcomes indicate that higher capital reserves create liquidity buffers to manage financial risks, while higher operational costs reduce liquidity. The study provides insight into how to deal with operational efficiency and manage liquidity in state-owned banks in Bangladesh. This may help policymakers make prudent decisions on regulations and implement them successfully in the state-owned banks of Bangladesh.

This paper assesses the effect of the recent 2014-2015 oil price slump on the financial stability in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The first objective of this paper is to assess how oil price shock propagates within the macroeconomy and how the macro shocks transmit to GCC banks' balance sheets. This part of the paper implements a System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and a Panel Fixed Effect Model to estimate the response of nonperforming loans (NPLs) to its macroeconomic determinants. The second objective of this paper is to assess any negative feedback effects between the GCC banking systems and the economy. The paper, therefore, implements a Panel VAR model to explore the macro-financial linkages between GCC banking systems and the real economy. The results indicate that oil price, non-oil GDP, interest rate, stock prices, and housing prices are major determinants of NPLs across GCC banks and the overall financial stability in the region. Credit risk shock tends to propagate disturbances to non-oil GDP, credit growth, and stock prices across GCC economies. A higher level of NPLs restricts banks' credit growth and can dampen economic growth in these economies. The results support the notion that disturbances in banking systems lead to unwanted economic consequences for the real sector.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the oil price–bank risk nexus by considering the heterogeneity of bank characters. Design/methodology/approach This paper empirically tests the effect of oil price movements on bank credit risk by using a sample of 279 banks in the Middle East and North Africa countries from 2011 to 2017. Findings Authors find robust evidence that the credit risk of bank loan portfolios is negatively associated with increased oil prices. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effect of asset quality improvement brought about by rising oil prices is more salient in conventional banks, and banks with small size, low liquidity and whose funding source relies on customers’ deposits. Practical implications The results favor the diversification of bank funding sources, the improvement of a country’s financial development, the adoption of explicit deposit insurance and macroprudential policies, such as countercyclical liquidity buffers, to weaken the adverse impact of oil prices declines. Originality/value The present paper enriches the literature of oil price–bank risk nexus by analyzing the heterogeneity of bank characters and advances our knowledge on the determined factors of bank riskiness and vulnerability.

This study empirically investigates the nexus between the moral hazard hypothesis and the adoption of the Deposit Insurance Scheme (DIS) in Nigeria. Using the secondary data sourced from the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation's (NDIC) annual reports and accounts, a multiple regression model was formulated, comprising a deposit insurance fund as a proxy for moral hazard (the dependent variable), whereas the asset quality indicators of Nigerian banks were the independent variables. The estimation technique according to the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used to test the relationships between the variables. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between the asset quality indicators of Nigerian banks and the deposit insurance fund, which supports the moral hazard hypothesis. It is recommended that governments should strengthen their banking regulatory systems in order to mitigate the unintended risks which the adoption of the DIS portends.

We provide an empirical and theoretical analysis of the Greek crisis of 2010. We first benchmark the crisis against all episodes of sudden stops, sovereign debt crises, and lending booms / busts in emerging and advanced economies since 1980. The decline in Greece’s output, especially investment, is deeper and more persistent than in almost any crisis on record over that period. We then propose a stylized macrofinance model to understand what happened. We find that a severe macroeconomic adjustment was inevitable given the size of the fiscal imbalance; yet, a sizable share of the crisis was also the consequence of the sudden stop that started in late 2009. Our model suggests that the size of the initial macro / financial imbalances can account for much of the depth of the crisis. When we simulate an emerging-market sudden stop with initial debt levels (government, private, and external) of an advanced economy, we obtain a Greek crisis. Finally, in recent years, the lack of recovery appears driven by elevated levels of nonperforming loans and strong price rigidities in product markets.

Huge nonperforming loans portfolio erodes the ability of banks to make profits. In the 1990s and beyond many Nigerian banks became weak and highly unprofitable due to excessive nonperforming loans portfolio accumulated by bank promoters and management that led to their demise. Insider dealing was the major cause of large nonperforming loan portfolio in Nigeria, involving over-extension of loans to promoters, directors and significant others that became bad and irrecoverable. To clean up the mess in the banking sector and return the banks to the paths of sound management and profitability, the CBN had to inject about N700bn in a bailout exercise while purging the system of bad and irresponsible management teams .The exploratory research design was adopted. Data generated were organized and coded before they were classified. To achieve the objective of the study data analyses were done through descriptive and regression analyses using the statistical package for the social sciences for the regression. With the regression result of Y = 78.353 - 4.04x it was found that nonperforming loans portfolio has negative effect on bank profitability.

The best indicator of the measure of the health of the banking industry in a country is its volume of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs). The increasing number of NPAs in commercial banks is a major concern in India. The best solution to reduce the volume of NPAs depends on good management of recovery mechanisms. The present context of research focuses on the recovery mechanism of NPAs with three important legal measures. Most of the cases are being negotiated and monitored through Lok Adalats in order to reduce the burden of those assets which cease to generate revenue. In addition to this, there is Debt Recovery Tribunals mechanism (DRTs), which focuses on diminishing the balance of NPAs. However, the third measure includes Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act (SARFAESI Act), which allows banks to curb NPAs. The entire study is based on secondary data and SPSS is used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the number of cases referred to the recovery mechanisms and the amount recovered through various recovery channels.