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Contemporary issues in north–south health research partnerships: perspectives of health research stakeholders in Zambia
Background
The late 1990s and early 2000s have seen a growth in north–south health research partnerships resulting from scientific developments such as those in genetic studies and development of statistical techniques and technological requirements for the analysis of large datasets. Despite these efforts, there is inadequate information representing the voice of African researchers as stakeholders experiencing partnership arrangements, particularly in Zambia. Furthermore, very little attention has been paid to capturing the practice of guidelines within partnerships. In this paper, we present achievements and highlight challenges faced by southern partners in north–south health research partnerships.
Methods
A qualitative inquiry was employed using in-depth interviews developed using the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning with 20 key informants in Lusaka district in Zambia purposively sampled from a wide range of health research partnerships.
Results
Partnerships produce benefits for southern partners, including evidence generation to influence policy, improved service delivery, infrastructure development and designing interventions to improve the healthcare of populations in greatest need. Most importantly, through partnerships, there is availability of financial resources to accomplish partnership goals. For success to be achieved, there must be effective communication and leadership, values and accountability that go into the process of partnership functioning. Trust interacts with different elements that create partnerships where there is co-ownership of study rewards. Challenging aspects of the interaction are largely due to funding mechanisms where 90% of the funding for health research is from northern partners. This funding mechanism results in power imbalances that lead to publication challenges, dictation of research agenda and ownership of samples and data leading to a general lack of motivation to collaborate.
Conclusion
Mistrust has implications on joint working such that partners find it difficult to work together and produce results greater than their individual efforts. Property rights and resource sharing must be resolved early in the partnership and each partner’s contributions recognised. These findings highlight areas that partnerships need to focus on to make the most of guidelines on research partnership with developing countries.
Journal Article
Land, chiefs, mining : South Africa's North West Province since 1840
\"Land, Chiefs, Mining, explores aspects of the experience of the Batswana in the thornveld and bushveld regions of the North-West Province, shedding light on defining issues, moments and individuals in this lesser known region of South Africa. Some of the focuses are: an important Tswana kgosi (chief) , Moiloa 11 of the Bahurutshe ; responses to and participation in the South African War and its aftermath, 1899-1907; land acquisition ; economic and political conditions in the reserves ; resistance to Mangope's Bophuthatswana; the impact of game parks and the Sun City resort; rural resistance and the liberation struggle; and African reaction to the platinum mining revolution.\" -- Publisher: http://witspress.co.za/catalogue/land-chiefs-mining/
Book
Amoral Familism, Social Capital, or Trust? The Behavioural Foundations of the Italian North-South Divide
We present the first laboratory-in-the field experiment on the Italian North-South divide. Using a representative sample of the population, we measure whether regional disparities in ability to cooperate emerge even if differences in geography, institutions and criminal intrusion are silenced. We report that a behavioural gap in cooperation exists: Northern and Southern citizens react differently to the same incentives. Moreover, this gap cannot be accounted for by tolerance for risk, proxies of social capital and 'amoral familism'. At least a share of North-South disparities is likely to derive from persistent differences in social norms.
Journal Article
Forever North-South? The political challenges of reforming the UN development system
Member states of the United Nations (UN) agree that its development system needs substantial reform given its fragmentation and outdated structures, as well as new demands from the 2030 Agenda. Yet, a recent two-year reform process yielded no substantial reform decisions. Why did member states fail to endorse the necessary reforms despite almost unanimous recognition of the need for change? This paper describes member states' conflicting positions on reforming the UN and analyses their failure to delegate authority to the UN development system. North and South, donors and recipients, are locked in a struggle for power and control, maximising bilateral influence at the expense of the benefits of multilateral cooperation. The paper contributes to the pool of UN studies, adding a decidedly political perspective of the reform process. It is based on diplomatic statements, negotiation drafts and interviews with UN diplomats.
Journal Article
Experiences and perceptions of South–South and North–South scientific collaboration of mathematicians, physicists and chemists from five southern African universities
Faced with limited resources, scientists from around the world enter into collaborations to join their resources to conduct research. Like everywhere else, international co-publishing in southern African countries is increasingly on the rise. The aim of this study was to document and analyse the level of scientific productivity, collaboration patterns, scientists’ experiences and attitudes towards South–South and South–North collaboration. We performed 105 interviews with scientists based at five southern African Universities, namely; University of Malawi—Chancellor College, National University of Science and Technology, the University of Botswana, the University of Zambia, and the University of Zimbabwe. We also traced 192 scientists from the various departments at these universities that had jointly published 623 scientific papers in the field of basic sciences in the period 1995–2014 in Web of Science journals. Our results show that in the majority of the cases funding from the North contributed substantially to increased scientific productivity, and international co-authorship. The results also show that collaboration with southern scientists is equally valued as that with northern scientists, but for different reasons. We conclude that supporting international and national collaboration which includes increased scientific mobility, strong scientific groups and networks, are key factors for capacity building of research in southern African Universities.
Journal Article
Ageing population and society: a scientometric analysis
The ageing population and society (APS) nexus is one of the key grand challenges of this millennium. And yet, the systematic analysis of scholarly literature on the APS nexus has remained under the radar. This study responds to this gap and employs a quantitative approach through a scientometric analysis of literature on the APS nexus to inform policy discussions and guide future research directions. This study adopts quantitative scientometric methods to examine the APS literature (n = 566) between 2011 and 2020 found in the Scopus database. The analysis reveals key research topics and recognizes the most important articles, authors, publication outlets, institutions, and countries in the field. The findings indicate that while issues such as ageing population, gender, quality of life, and socio-economic aspects of ageing have received significant interest, social exclusion of older adults, age diversity, social policy, and the eldercare workforce have received less attention. As challenges associated with the APS nexus will continue to gain currency in the future, this paper discusses the implications of the findings on (a) future research direction and (b) north-south research collaboration. The analysis shown in this paper should be of interest to scholars and policymakers interested in addressing the challenges associated with the APS nexus.
Journal Article