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Road maps have become popular in recent African efforts to mediate and resolve conflicts. The African Union singly, or in concert with Regional Economic Communities and international actors, has invoked road maps as mediation and conflict resolution templates in Darfur, Libya, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, and North-South Sudan. Although they are growing in significance, there is very little understanding of their usefulness and efficacy in peacemaking. It is important to understand whether road maps are pathways to peace or simply rhetorical tools that conceal the difficulties of negotiating protracted conflicts. More critical, therefore, is determining whether road maps facilitate or foreclose conflict resolution. This article probes these questions by examining some of the road maps in recent African conflicts with a view to shedding light on their conceptions, deployment, and impact on resolving conflicts. Both as process and content tools, road maps exemplify new collective African approaches to conflict resolution, but they also face severe constraints in managing conflicts that are characterized by deep divisions.

This contribution emphasises the need for a contextual rather than causal analysis of internal wars. Using Sudan's intransigent north-south divide and the crisis in Darfur as case studies, the underlying argument is that, over the course of Sudanese history since independence in 1956, both rebels and regimes have mobilised conditions of conflict to advance their political and economic agendas. The contemporary international system, in which war is understood as both an aberration and a problem with a presupposed solution, compartmentalises the varied and complex interactions of nation-states within a framework that is far from universally applicable. This encourages, even facilitates, the politics of warlordism in internal wars, particularly in the so-called 'developing' nation-states. In Sudan conditions of conflict with self-reinforcing tendencies outweigh the power of existing peace agreements. Issues of resource allocation and political marginalisation provide a volatile context for sustaining the internal wars in Sudan indefinitely and make the success of current or future peace agreements unlikely if not impossible.

Once again, the Horn of Africa has been in the headlines. And once again the news has been bad: drought, famine, conflict, hunger, suffering and death. The finger of blame has been pointed in numerous directions: to the changing climate, to environmental degradation, to overpopulation, to geopolitics and conflict, to aid agency failures, and more. But it is not all disaster and catastrophe. Many successful development efforts at ‘the margins’ often remain hidden, informal, sometimes illegal; and rarely in line with standard development prescriptions. If we shift our gaze from the capital cities to the regional centres and their hinterlands, then a very different perspective emerges. These are the places where pastoralists live. They have for centuries struggled with drought, conflict and famine. They are resourceful, entrepreneurial and innovative peoples. Yet they have been ignored and marginalised by the states that control their territory and the development agencies who are supposed to help them. This book argues that, while we should not ignore the profound difficulties of creating secure livelihoods in the Greater Horn of Africa, there is much to be learned from development successes, large and small. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars with an interest in development studies and human geography, with a particular emphasis on Africa. It will also appeal to development policy-makers and practitioners.

Summarizes intelligence on unfolding global events with national security implications for the U.S.

Zbigniew Brzezinski offers thoughts on tactics for dealing with Soviet Union, Middle East peace negotiations, Africa, and North-South relations; and considers implication of Quebec Province secession from Canada.

Summarizes intelligence on unfolding global events with national security implications for the U.S.

Moving beyond the current fixation on \"state construction,\" the interdisciplinary work gathered here explores regulatory authority in South Sudan's borderlands from both contemporary and historical perspectives. Taken together, these studies show how emerging governance practices challenge the bounded categorizations of \"state\" and \"non-state.\".

The Arab Uprisings have brought renewed attention to the role of the military in the MENA region, where they are either the backbone of regime power or a crucial part of patronage networks in political systems. This collection of essays from international experts examines the economic interests of armed actors ranging from military businesses in Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen to retired military officers’ economic endeavors and the web of funding of non-state armed groups in Syria and Libya. Due to the combined power of business and arms, the military often manages to incorporate or quell competing groups and thus, to revert achievements of revolutionary movements.