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"Nuclear weapons Research United States History."
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The American Lab : An insider's history of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
\"In The American Lab, former LLNL director Bruce Tarter captures the spirit of the Laboratory and its reflection of the broader world in which it thrived. He identifies the major themes that have characterized science and technology in the latter half of the twentieth century--the growth and decline of nuclear warheads, the unprecedented rise of supercomputing technology, laser systems, fusion, and mass spectrometry. He illuminates the Cold War dynamic from the participants' point of view--an unusual and valuable perspective on nuclear history. The story of the laboratory is a tale of three eras. Although the Lab took its research vision from European Edward Teller, its modus operandi came almost exclusively from namesake Ernest Lawrence and was subsequently invented in-house by its scientists and staff. During its first two decades the Lab's focus was almost entirely on nuclear weapons research and development, with a few other smaller enterprises that were technically related to the nuclear weapons activities. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Laboratory, along with many others in the Department of Energy complex, expanded into civilian pursuits that included energy, environment, biology, and basic science. A major program in laser science and technology became a cornerstone of this period. The third era was initiated by the end of the Cold War and saw the transformation of the traditional nuclear weapons activities into the stockpile stewardship program along with the rapid growth of projects that can be broadly characterized as homeland security. Tarter's history/memoir of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, provides an insider's examination of nuclear science in the Cold War and the technological shift that occurred after the fall of the Berlin Wall.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Atomic Environments
Demonstrates how policymakers influenced environmental
science during the early nuclear age In
Atomic Environments: Nuclear Technologies, the Natural World,
and Policymaking, 1945–1960 , Neil S. Oatsvall examines
how top officials in the Truman and Eisenhower administrations
used environmental science to develop nuclear strategy at the
beginning of the Cold War. While many people were involved in
research and analysis during the period in question, it was at
highest levels of executive decision-making where environmental
science and nuclear science most clearly combined to shape the
nation’s policies. Oatsvall clearly demonstrates how the
natural world and the scientific disciplines that study it became
integral parts of nuclear science rather than adversarial fields
of knowledge. But while nuclear technologies heavily depended on
environmental science to develop, those same technologies
frequently caused great harm to the natural world. Moreover,
while some individuals expressed real anxieties about the damage
wrought by nuclear technologies, policymakers as a class
consistently made choices that privileged nuclear boosterism and
secrecy, prioritizing institutional values over the lives and
living systems that they were ostensibly charged to protect. By
scrutinizing institutional policymaking practices and agendas at
the birth of the nuclear age, a constant set of values becomes
clear. Oatsvall reveals an emerging technocratic class that
routinely valued knowledge about the environment to help create
and maintain a nuclear arsenal, despite its existential threat to
life on earth and the negative effects many nuclear technologies
had on ecosystems and the American people alike. Although
policymakers took their charge to protect and advance the welfare
of the United States and its people seriously,
Atomic Environments demonstrates how they often failed
to do so because their allegiance to the US nuclear hierarchy
blinded them to the real risks and dangers of the nuclear
age.
eBook
Nuclear logics
Nuclear Logics examines why some states seek nuclear weapons while others renounce them. Looking closely at nine cases in East Asia and the Middle East, Etel Solingen finds two distinct regional patterns. In East Asia, the norm since the late 1960s has been to forswear nuclear weapons, and North Korea, which makes no secret of its nuclear ambitions, is the anomaly. In the Middle East the opposite is the case, with Iran, Iraq, Israel, and Libya suspected of pursuing nuclear-weapons capabilities, with Egypt as the anomaly in recent decades. Identifying the domestic conditions underlying these divergent paths, Solingen argues that there are clear differences between states whose leaders advocate integration in the global economy and those that reject it. Among the former are countries like South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan, whose leaders have had stronger incentives to avoid the political, economic, and other costs of acquiring nuclear weapons. The latter, as in most cases in the Middle East, have had stronger incentives to exploit nuclear weapons as tools in nationalist platforms geared to helping their leaders survive in power. Solingen complements her bold argument with other logics explaining nuclear behavior, including security dilemmas, international norms and institutions, and the role of democracy and authoritarianism. Her account charts the most important frontier in understanding nuclear proliferation: grasping the relationship between internal and external political survival. Nuclear Logics is a pioneering book that is certain to provide an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, and practitioners while reframing the policy debate surrounding nonproliferation.
eBook
Atomic energy policy in France under the fourth republic
The book description for \"Atomic Energy Policy in France Under the Fourth Republic\" is currently unavailable.
eBook
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) . This report also assesses various topics, including:
the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing;
the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions;
commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; and
potential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing.
Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise.
eBook
The making of the Cold War enemy
At the height of the Cold War, the U.S. government enlisted the aid of a select group of psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists to blueprint enemy behavior. Not only did these academics bring sophisticated concepts to what became a project of demonizing communist societies, but they influenced decision-making in the map rooms, prison camps, and battlefields of the Korean War and in Vietnam. With verve and insight, Ron Robin tells the intriguing story of the rise of behavioral scientists in government and how their potentially dangerous, \"American\" assumptions about human behavior would shape U.S. views of domestic disturbances and insurgencies in Third World countries for decades to come.
Based at government-funded think tanks, the experts devised provocative solutions for key Cold War dilemmas, including psychological warfare projects, negotiation strategies during the Korean armistice, and morale studies in the Vietnam era. Robin examines factors that shaped the scientists' thinking and explores their psycho-cultural and rational choice explanations for enemy behavior. He reveals how the academics' intolerance for complexity ultimately reduced the nation's adversaries to borderline psychotics, ignored revolutionary social shifts in post-World War II Asia, and promoted the notion of a maniacal threat facing the United States.
Putting the issue of scientific validity aside, Robin presents the first extensive analysis of the intellectual underpinnings of Cold War behavioral sciences in a book that will be indispensable reading for anyone interested in the era and its legacy.
eBook
Neocolonialism and Health Care Access among Marshall Islanders in the United States
In the Marshall Islands, a history of extensive nuclear weapons testing and covert biomedical research, coupled with the U.S.'s ongoing military presence in the country, has severely compromised the health of the local population. Despite the U.S.'s culpability in producing ill health along with high rates of emigration from the islands to the mainland United States, the large portion of Marshallese who reside in the United States face substantial barriers to accessing health care. Drawing from ongoing field research with a Marshallese community in Arkansas, this article explores the multifaceted impediments that U.S.-based Marshall Islanders face in receiving medical treatment. Calling on an expansive and inclusive notion of neocolonialism, I argue that Marshallese structural vulnerability with regard to health and health care treatment derives from their status as neocolonial subjects and from their limited claims to health-related deservingness associated with this status. Ļōmᶇrak ko rōttiᶇo: lio Ɱajeļ, juon bwebwenato kōn kōmmalmel im nuclear baam̢ ko im ekkatak ko rōttiᶇp, kōn wāwein an baijin ko jelōt armej, barālnwōt an to an ri tarinae ro an Amedka pād ilo aelōn̅kein, em̡ōj an jelōt ājmour an armej ro ilo aelōn̅kein. Men̅e alikkar bwe Amedka in ear jino nan̅inmej kein im ej un eo armej rein rej em̡m̡akūt jān āne kein āne er nān ioon Amedka, elōn̅iaan ri Ɱajeļ rein rej jelm̡ae elōn̅apan̅ko n̅an aer deļo̡n̅e jikin ājmour ko. Jān ekkatak eo ej bōk jikin kiō, jerbal in ej etali kabōjrak rak kein rōlōn̅im armej in Ɱajel ro ioon Amedka in rej jelm̡ae ilo aer jibadōk lo̡k jikin taktō. Ilo an kar Amedka jibadōk juon jea eo eutiej imejān laļ in, ij kwaļok juon aō akweelel bwe apan̅ko an armej in Ɱajeļ ikijjeen ājmour im jikin taktō ej itok jāh aer kar ri kōmtakoko ilo an kar Amedka lelōn̅ļo̡k etan ilo mejān laļ im jān aer jab pukot jipan kein ej aer bwe kōn jōkjōk in.
Journal Article