Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
966
result(s) for
"Nutrigenomics."
Sort by:
Nutrigenomics in the modern era
The concept that interactions between nutrition and genetics determine phenotype was established by Garrod at the beginning of the 20th century through his ground-breaking work on inborn errors of metabolism. A century later, the science and technologies involved in sequencing of the human genome stimulated development of the scientific discipline which we now recognise as nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics). Much of the early hype around possible applications of this new science was unhelpful and raised expectations, which have not been realised as quickly as some would have hoped. However, major advances have been made in quantifying the contribution of genetic variation to a wide range of phenotypes and it is now clear that for nutrition-related phenotypes, such as obesity and common complex diseases, the genetic contribution made by SNP alone is often modest. There is much scope for innovative research to understand the roles of less well explored types of genomic structural variation, e.g. copy number variants, and of interactions between genotype and dietary factors, in phenotype determination. New tools and models, including stem cell-based approaches and genome editing, have huge potential to transform mechanistic nutrition research. Finally, the application of nutrigenomics research offers substantial potential to improve public health e.g. through the use of metabolomics approaches to identify novel biomarkers of food intake, which will lead to more objective and robust measures of dietary exposure. In addition, nutrigenomics may have applications in the development of personalised nutrition interventions, which may facilitate larger, more appropriate and sustained changes in eating (and other lifestyle) behaviours and help to reduce health inequalities.
Journal Article
Direct-to-Consumer Nutrigenetics Testing: An Overview
At present, specialized companies offering genetic testing services without the involvement of clinicians are growing; this development is a direct consequence of the significant decrease in genotyping and sequencing costs. Online companies offer predictions about the risk of developing complex diseases during one’s life course, and they offer suggestions for personal lifestyle. Several companies have been created that provide nutrigenetics services; these companies suggest dietary indications—a central issue in the prevention and etiopathogenesis of specific diseases—based on one’s personal genetic background. Dietary patterns are defined on the basis of a limited set of genetic markers. In this article, we analyze the online nutrigenetics services offered by 45 companies worldwide, to obtain an overall picture of the costs, the types of nutritional traits considered and the level of scientific precision of the services proposed. Our analysis clearly highlights the need for specific guidelines, in order to ensure a set of minimum quality standards for the nutrigenetics services offered to the customer.
Journal Article
Disclosure of Genetic Information and Change in Dietary Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Proponents of consumer genetic tests claim that the information can positively impact health behaviors and aid in chronic disease prevention. However, the effects of disclosing genetic information on dietary intake behavior are not clear.
A double-blinded, parallel group, 2:1 online randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the short- and long-term effects of disclosing nutrition-related genetic information for personalized nutrition on dietary intakes of caffeine, vitamin C, added sugars, and sodium. Participants were healthy men and women aged 20-35 years (n = 138). The intervention group (n = 92) received personalized DNA-based dietary advice for 12-months and the control group (n = 46) received general dietary recommendations with no genetic information for 12-months. Food frequency questionnaires were collected at baseline and 3- and 12-months after the intervention to assess dietary intakes. General linear models were used to compare changes in intakes between those receiving general dietary advice and those receiving DNA-based dietary advice.
Compared to the control group, no significant changes to dietary intakes of the nutrients were observed at 3-months. At 12-months, participants in the intervention group who possessed a risk version of the ACE gene, and were advised to limit their sodium intake, significantly reduced their sodium intake (mg/day) compared to the control group (-287.3 ± 114.1 vs. 129.8 ± 118.2, p = 0.008). Those who had the non-risk version of ACE did not significantly change their sodium intake compared to the control group (12-months: -244.2 ± 150.2, p = 0.11). Among those with the risk version of the ACE gene, the proportion who met the targeted recommendation of 1500 mg/day increased from 19% at baseline to 34% after 12 months (p = 0.06).
These findings demonstrate that disclosing genetic information for personalized nutrition results in greater changes in intake for some dietary components compared to general population-based dietary advice.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01353014.
Journal Article
The determinants of food choice
Health nudge interventions to steer people into healthier lifestyles are increasingly applied by governments worldwide, and it is natural to look to such approaches to improve health by altering what people choose to eat. However, to produce policy recommendations that are likely to be effective, we need to be able to make valid predictions about the consequences of proposed interventions, and for this, we need a better understanding of the determinants of food choice. These determinants include dietary components (e.g. highly palatable foods and alcohol), but also diverse cultural and social pressures, cognitive-affective factors (perceived stress, health attitude, anxiety and depression), and familial, genetic and epigenetic influences on personality characteristics. In addition, our choices are influenced by an array of physiological mechanisms, including signals to the brain from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, which affect not only our hunger and satiety but also our motivation to eat particular nutrients, and the reward we experience from eating. Thus, to develop the evidence base necessary for effective policies, we need to build bridges across different levels of knowledge and understanding. This requires experimental models that can fill in the gaps in our understanding that are needed to inform policy, translational models that connect mechanistic understanding from laboratory studies to the real life human condition, and formal models that encapsulate scientific knowledge from diverse disciplines, and which embed understanding in a way that enables policy-relevant predictions to be made. Here we review recent developments in these areas.
Journal Article
Nutrition and Genetics in NAFLD: The Perfect Binomium
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare burden since it is epidemiologically related to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). It embraces a wide spectrum of hepatic injuries, which include simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility to develop NAFLD is highly variable and it is influenced by several cues including environmental (i.e., dietary habits and physical activity) and inherited (i.e., genetic/epigenetic) risk factors. Nonetheless, even intestinal microbiota and its by-products play a crucial role in NAFLD pathophysiology. The interaction of dietary exposure with the genome is referred to as ‘nutritional genomics,’ which encompasses both ‘nutrigenetics’ and ‘nutriepigenomics.’ It is focused on revealing the biological mechanisms that entail both the acute and persistent genome-nutrient interactions that influence health and it may represent a promising field of study to improve both clinical and health nutrition practices. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the relevance of personalized nutritional advices as a novel therapeutic approach in NAFLD tailored management.
Journal Article
Personalised nutrition and health
Jose Ordovas and colleagues consider that nutrition interventions tailored to individual characteristics and behaviours have promise but more work is needed before they can deliver
Journal Article
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Nutrigenetics: Findings from the 2018 Unified Forces Preventive Nutrition Conference (UFPN)
Nutrigenetics indicates that individual genetic variability results in altered health outcomes necessitating personalized nutrition adaptation. Registered dietitians are recognized as the clinical nutrition experts, but their knowledge and attitudes regarding nutrigenetics has not been delineated.
This cross sectional online survey was conducted in a convenience sample of 169 national nutrition conference attendees. The survey queried demographics, knowledge, and attitudes towards nutrigenetics and information on training in nutrigenetics.
The majority of participants were registered dietitians and female, 45% of whom held advanced degrees. Personalized nutrition was perceived by 93.5% of participants as highly important or important; however, 94% of respondents indicated they are not sufficiently knowledgeable in personalized nutrition and only 9.5% had received training in nutrigenetics. The mean nutrigenetics knowledge score was 6.89 ± 1.67 (out of a possible 12). A multivariate regression model of knowledge score identified education as the only independent predictor of this outcome.
Personalized nutrition is a rapidly developing field that incorporates genetic data into clinical practice. Dietitians recognize the importance of advanced studies to acquire knowledge in nutrigenetics. Only by acquiring the necessary knowledge can dietitians accurately translate this nutrigenetics into clinical practice.
Journal Article
From gene to plate: Nutritional genomics and the second generation transgenics
•Poor nutrition and genetic predispositions can be associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.•Nutritional genomics investigates the relationship between nutrition and genes, which influence health and chronic diseases.•Second-generation transgenics' primary objective is to improve food quality to address the deficiency of essential vitamins and minerals in 2 billion individuals.•Personalized nutrition strategies are facilitated by omics technologies (genomics, proteomics).
In the present context, nutrition is essential for developing and preserving health, vitality, and resilience. Nutrigenomics can be conceptualized as integrating molecular-level genomics and nutrition at the intersection of genomics, diet, and health. Specific nutrients affect our body's homeostatic regulation and metabolic pathways, and any dysregulation leads to the progression of diet-related diseases. Nutrigenetics elucidates the primary contributing factor regarding the dietary and genetic variations that cause such a profound effect.
The results of nutrigenomics are derived from research on nutritional intervention strategies that, in the end, prevent diet-related diseases. Dietary assessment and planning accuracy can be enhanced through biomarkers and precise nutrition. Multidisciplinary attributes are necessary for the successful implementation of nutrigenomics. In contrast to first-generation transgenic crops, second-generation transgenics prioritize improved product quality. This article explores the fundamentals of nutrigenomics, gene-nutrient interactions, application in the context of major chronic diseases, and new generational transgenic modification in food.
[Display omitted]
Journal Article