Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
22,749
result(s) for
"OBSERVERS"
Sort by:
Linear, Nonlinear, and Distributed-Parameter Observers Used for (Renewable) Energy Processes and Systems—An Overview
Full- and reduced-order observers have been used in many engineering applications, particularly for energy systems. Applications of observers to energy systems are twofold: (1) the use of observed variables of dynamic systems for the purpose of feedback control and (2) the use of observers in their own right to observe (estimate) state variables of particular energy processes and systems. In addition to the classical Luenberger-type observers, we will review some papers on functional, fractional, and disturbance observers, as well as sliding-mode observers used for energy systems. Observers have been applied to energy systems in both continuous and discrete time domains and in both deterministic and stochastic problem formulations to observe (estimate) state variables over either finite or infinite time (steady-state) intervals. This overview paper will provide a detailed overview of observers used for linear and linearized mathematical models of energy systems and review the most important and most recent papers on the use of observers for nonlinear lumped (concentrated)-parameter systems. The emphasis will be on applications of observers to renewable energy systems, such as fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and wind turbines. In addition, we will present recent research results on the use of observers for distributed-parameter systems and comment on their actual and potential applications in energy processes and systems. Due to the large number of papers that have been published on this topic, we will concentrate our attention mostly on papers published in high-quality journals in recent years, mostly in the past decade.
Journal Article
Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimation Methods Based on Kalman Filters and Luenberger Observers: A Tutorial & Review
Simultaneous state and parameter estimation is essential for control system design and dynamic modeling of physical systems. This capability provides critical real-time insight into system behavior, supports the discovery of underlying mechanisms, and facilitates adaptive control strategies. Surveyed in this review paper are two classes of state and parameter estimation methods: Kalman Filters and Luenberger Observers. The Kalman Filter framework, including its major variants such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF), and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), has been widely applied for joint and dual estimation in linear and nonlinear systems under uncertainty. In parallel, Luenberger observers, typically used in deterministic settings, offer alternative approaches through high-gain, sliding mode, and adaptive observer structures. This review focuses on the theoretical foundations, algorithmic developments, and application domains of these methods and provides a comparative analysis of their advantages, limitations, and practical relevance across diverse engineering scenarios.
Journal Article
Glow-in-the-dark constellations : a field guide for young stargazers
A beginning guide to the constellations, their legends, and their seasonal locations, with charts printed in ink that glows in the dark after being exposed to light.
Book
A brief survey of observers for disturbance estimation and compensation
An accurate dynamic model of a robot is fundamentally important for a control system, while uncertainties residing in the model are inevitable in a physical robot system. The uncertainties can be categorized as internal disturbances and external disturbances in general. The former may include dynamic model errors and joint frictions, while the latter may include external payloads or human-exerted force to the robot. Disturbance observer is an important technique to estimate and compensate for the uncertainties of the dynamic model. Different types of disturbance observers have been developed to estimate the lumped uncertainties so far. In this paper, we conducted a brief survey on five typical types of observers from a perspective of practical implementation in a robot control system, including generalized momentum observer (GMO), joint velocity observer (JVOB), nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB), disturbance Kalman filter (DKF), and extended state observer (ESO). First, we introduced the basics of each observer including equations and derivations. Two common types of disturbances are considered as two scenarios, that is, constant external disturbance and time-varying external disturbance. Then, the observers are separately implemented in each of the two simulated scenarios, and the disturbance tracking performance of each observer is presented while their performance in the same scenario has also been compared in the same figure. Finally, the main features and possible behaviors of each type of observer are summarized and discussed. This survey is devoted to helping readers learn the basic expressions of five typical observers and implement them in a robot control system.
Journal Article
Observing variable stars, novae, and supernovae
This complete practical guide and resource package instructs amateur astronomers in observing and monitoring variable stars and other objects of variable brightness.
Book
Counteractive control against cyber-attack uncertainties on frequency regulation in the power system
In this study, an observer based control strategy is proposed for load frequency control (LFC) scheme against cyber-attack uncertainties. Most of research work focused on detection scheme or delay estimation scheme in presence of cyber-attack vulnerabilities and paid less attention on design of counteractive robust control scheme for LFC problem. Thus, observer based control scheme is designed here and provides robust performance against unknown input attack uncertainty and communication time-delay attack uncertainty. The generalized extended state observer (GESO) is used not only for state and disturbance estimation but also for disturbance rejection of the system. The said observer ensures accurate estimation of the actual states leading to convergence of estimation error to zero. So, the observer based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used to regulate the closed-loop damping ratio against cyber-attack uncertainty. In addition to fast response in terms of settling time and reduced over/undershoots, the proposed control scheme satisfactorily compensates the cyber-attack uncertainties in power system cyber physical networks and also compared with existing traditional PI and PID controllers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness in terms of stability and effectiveness in terms of system security with proposed controller when subjected to cyber-attack uncertainties and load disturbances.
Journal Article
Reduced-Order Distributed Unknown Input Observer for State Estimation and Unknown Input Reconstruction
In traditional observer designs, simultaneous state estimation, unknown input reconstruction (UIR), and measurement noise reconstruction have been fully discussed. However, in distributed observer, this remains to be investigated, and few papers deal with this problem. This paper designs a reduced-order distributed unknown input observer (DUIO) to offer the asymptotic convergent estimations of both the states, the unknown input (UI) and measurement noise (MN), for the uncertain target system with UI and each sensor node with MN. Firstly, by introducing an auxiliary output, the local system in every node is transformed into a system whose output contains no MN. Secondly, for the transformed local system, a distributed reduced-order observer produces asymptotically convergent state estimations. Thirdly, based on the interval observer and state estimation, a UIR is designed, and the UIR can estimate the real UI asymptotically. Moreover, the UIR decouples the control input. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Journal Article