Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
67,615
result(s) for
"OILSEED"
Sort by:
Progress in understanding and improving oil content and quality in seeds
The world’s population is projected to increase by two billion by 2050, resulting in food and energy insecurity. Oilseed crops have been identified as key to address these challenges: they produce and store lipids in the seeds as triacylglycerols that can serve as a source of food/feed, renewable fuels, and other industrially-relevant chemicals. Therefore, improving seed oil content and composition has generated immense interest. Research efforts aiming to unravel the regulatory pathways involved in fatty acid synthesis and to identify targets for metabolic engineering have made tremendous progress. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge of oil metabolism and discusses how photochemical activity and unconventional pathways can contribute to high carbon conversion efficiency in seeds. It also highlights the importance of 13 C-metabolic flux analysis as a tool to gain insights on the pathways that regulate oil biosynthesis in seeds. Finally, a list of key genes and regulators that have been recently targeted to enhance seed oil production are reviewed and additional possible targets in the metabolic pathways are proposed to achieve desirable oil content and quality.
Journal Article
The reduction in leaf area precedes that in photosynthesis under potassium deficiency
• Synergistic improvement in leaf photosynthetic area and rate is essential for enhancing crop yield. However, reduction in leaf area occurs earlier than that in the photosynthetic rate under potassium (K) deficiency stress.
• The photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves in different growth stages under different K levels were observed to clarify the mechanism regulating this process.
• Increased mesophyll cell size and palisade tissue thickness, in K-deficient leaves triggered significant enlargement of mesophyll cell area per transverse section width (S/W), in turn inhibiting leaf expansion. However, there was only a minor difference in chloroplast morphology, likely because of K redistribution from vacuole to chloroplast. As K stress increased, decreased mesophyll surface exposed to intercellular space and chloroplast density induced longer distances between neighbouring chloroplasts (Dchl-chl
) and decreased the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space (Sc/S); conversely this induced a greater limitation imposed by the cytosol on CO₂ transport, further reducing the photosynthetic rate.
• Changes in S/W associated with mesophyll cell morphology occurred earlier than changes in Sc/S and Dchl-chl
, inducing a decrease in leaf area before photosynthetic rate reduction. Adequate K nutrition simultaneously increases photosynthetic area and rate, thus enhancing crop yield.
Journal Article
Transcriptome analysis reveals crucial genes involved in the biosynthesis of nervonic acid in woody Malania oleifera oilseeds
Background
Malania oleifera
Chun et Lee (Olacaceae), an evergreen broad-leaved woody tree native to southwest China, is an important oilseed tree. Its seed oil has a high level of nervonic acid (cis-tetracos-15-enoic acid, over 60%), which is essential for human health.
M. oleifera
seed oil is a promising source of nervonic acid, but little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying its biosynthesis.
Results
In this study, we recorded oil accumulation at four stages of seed development. Using a high-throughput RNA-sequencing technique, we obtained 55,843 unigenes, of which 29,176 unigenes were functionally annotated. By comparison, 22,833 unigenes had a two-fold or greater expression at the fast oil accumulation stage than at the initial stage. Of these, 198 unigenes were identified as being functionally involved in diverse lipid metabolism processes (including de novo fatty acid synthesis, carbon chain elongation and modification, and triacylglycerol assembly). Key genes (encoding KCS, KCR, HCD and ECR), putatively responsible for nervonic acid biosynthesis, were isolated and their expression profiles during seed development were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Also, we isolated regulatory factors (such as WRI1, ABI3 and FUS3) that are putatively involved in the regulation of oil biosynthesis and seed development.
Conclusion
Our results provide novel data on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of nervonic acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in
M. oleifera
seeds, and will also serve as a starting point for biotechnological genetic engineering for the production of nervonic acid resources.
Journal Article
Chromosome-Scale Assembly of Winter Oilseed Rape Brassica napus
Rapeseed (
), the second most important oilseed crop globally, originated from an interspecific hybridization between
and
. After this genome collision,
underwent extensive genome restructuring, via homoeologous chromosome exchanges, resulting in widespread segmental deletions and duplications. Illicit pairing among genetically similar homoeologous chromosomes during meiosis is common in recent allopolyploids like
, and post-polyploidization restructuring compounds the difficulties of assembling a complex polyploid plant genome. Specifically, genomic rearrangements between highly similar chromosomes are challenging to detect due to the limitation of sequencing read length and ambiguous alignment of reads. Recent advances in long read sequencing technologies provide promising new opportunities to unravel the genome complexities of
by encompassing breakpoints of genomic rearrangements with high specificity. Moreover, recent evidence revealed ongoing genomic exchanges in natural
, highlighting the need for multiple reference genomes to capture structural variants between accessions. Here we report the first long-read genome assembly of a winter
cultivar. We sequenced the German winter oilseed rape accession 'Express 617' using 54.5x of long reads. Short reads, linked reads, optical map data and high-density genetic maps were used to further correct and scaffold the assembly to form pseudochromosomes. The assembled Express 617 genome provides another valuable resource for
genomics in understanding the genetic consequences of polyploidization, crop domestication, and breeding of recently-formed crop species.
Journal Article
Innovative applications and therapeutic potential of oilseeds and their by‐products: An eco‐friendly and sustainable approach
The risk of inadequate management of agro‐waste is an emerging challenge. However, the economic relevance of agro‐waste valorization is one of the key strategies to ensure sustainable development. Among the agro‐waste, oilseed waste and its by‐products are usually seen as mass waste after the extraction of oils. Oilseed by‐products especially oilseed cakes are a potential source of protein, fiber, minerals, and antioxidants. Oilseed cakes contain high value‐added bioactive compounds which have great significance among researchers to develop novel foods having therapeutic applications. Moreover, these oilseed cakes might be employed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Thus, as a result of having desirable characteristics, oilseed by‐products can be more valuable in wide application in the food business along with the preparation of supplements. The current review highlights that plentiful wastes or by‐products from oilseeds are wasted if these underutilized materials are not properly valorized or effectively utilized. Hence, promising utilization of oilseeds and their wastes not only assists to overcome environmental concerns and protein insecurity but also helps to achieve the goals of zero waste and sustainability. Furthermore, the article also covers the production and industrial applications of oilseeds and by‐products along with the potential role of oilseed cakes and phytochemicals in the treatment of chronic diseases. A broad range of valuable bioactive compounds has been obtained from oilseeds either in pure form or in a homogenous mixture. Oilseed cake or meal had been undervalued by‐products or waste, which conventionally had been utilized for feed in many countries. In addition to a wide range of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, vitamins, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds are also present in varying quantities. Oilseeds are widely used for human consumption and industrial application. To overcome this problem, they are in constant search to find ways to reutilize agro‐industrial waste or by‐products.
Journal Article
Writers, readers, and erasers of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylomes in oilseed rape: identification, molecular evolution, and expression profiling
Background
m6A RNA modifications are the most prevalent internal modifications in eukaryotic mRNAs and are crucial for plant growth and development, as well as for responses to biotic or abiotic stresses. The modification is catalyzed by writers, removed by erasers, and decoded by various m6A-binding proteins, which are readers.
Brassica napus
is a major oilseed crop. The dynamic regulation of m6A modifications by writers, erasers, and readers offers potential targets for improving the quality of this crop.
Results
In this study, we identified 92 m6A-regulatory genes in
B. napus
, including 13 writers, 29 erasers, and 50 readers. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be further divided into four, three, and two clades, respectively. The distribution of protein motifs and gene structures among members of the same clade exhibited notable similarity. During the course of evolution, whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication were the primary drivers of the expansion of m6A-related gene families. The genes were subjected to rigorous purification selection. Additionally, several sites under positive selection were identified in the proteins. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analyses revealed that the identified
Bnam6As
exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns, as well as their expression patterns in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The 2000 bp sequence upstream of
Bnam6As
contained a number of
cis
-acting elements that regulate plant growth and environmental response. Furthermore, the protein interaction network revealed their interactions with a number of proteins of significant functional importance.
Conclusion
The identification of m6A modifiers in oilseed rape and their molecular evolution and expression profiling have revealed potential functions and molecular mechanisms of m6A, thus establishing a foundation for further functional validation and molecular breeding.
Journal Article
Metabolic Engineering a Model Oilseed Camelina sativa for the Sustainable Production of High-Value Designed Oils
(L.) Crantz is an important Brassicaceae oil crop with a number of excellent agronomic traits including low water and fertilizer input, strong adaptation and resistance. Furthermore, its short life cycle and easy genetic transformation, combined with available data of genome and other \"-omics\" have enabled camelina as a model oil plant to study lipid metabolism regulation and genetic improvement. Particularly, camelina is capable of rapid metabolic engineering to synthesize and accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids and modified oils in seeds, which are more stable and environmentally friendly. Such engineered camelina oils have been increasingly used as the super resource for edible oil, health-promoting food and medicine, biofuel oil and high-valued chemical production. In this review, we mainly highlight the latest advance in metabolic engineering towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism for commercial production of desirable bio-based products using camelina as an ideal platform. Moreover, we deeply analysis camelina seed metabolic engineering strategy and its promising achievements by describing the metabolic assembly of biosynthesis pathways for acetyl glycerides, hydroxylated fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (ω-7) and other high-value oils. Future prospects are discussed, with a focus on the cutting-edge techniques in camelina such as genome editing application, fine directed manipulation of metabolism and future outlook for camelina industry development.
Journal Article
Legume rhizodeposition promotes nitrogen fixation by soil microbiota under crop diversification
Biological nitrogen fixation by free-living bacteria and rhizobial symbiosis with legumes plays a key role in sustainable crop production. Here, we study how different crop combinations influence the interaction between peanut plants and their rhizosphere microbiota via metabolite deposition and functional responses of free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Based on a long-term (8 year) diversified cropping field experiment, we find that peanut co-cultured with maize and oilseed rape lead to specific changes in peanut rhizosphere metabolite profiles and bacterial functions and nodulation. Flavonoids and coumarins accumulate due to the activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways in peanuts. These changes enhance the growth and nitrogen fixation activity of free-living bacterial isolates, and root nodulation by symbiotic
Bradyrhizobium
isolates. Peanut plant root metabolites interact with
Bradyrhizobium
isolates contributing to initiate nodulation. Our findings demonstrate that tailored intercropping could be used to improve soil nitrogen availability through changes in the rhizosphere microbiome and its functions.
Sustainability in agriculture can be improved harnessing biological N
2
fixation in legumes. Here, the authors combine different crops with peanut plants finding that maize and oilseed rape are the most successful combinations which have potential to enhance rhizosphere microbiota N
2
fixation.
Journal Article