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Background: An attractive smile is considered as a valuable asset. As esthetically acceptable smile can never be created by beautiful teeth only, to establish harmony among teeth, lips and gingival display, pre-treatment evaluation of upper lip changes on smiling in the vertical dimensions helps the Orthodontists to determine the parameters that constitute an esthetically acceptable smile or pretty smile. Appropriate knowledge of soft tissue function and aesthetic help orthodontists to obtain stable and aesthetically appealing treatment results. Methods: The study was conducted on Ninety-six (96) participants (48 men, 48 women; aged 20 to 35).  For each subject, nine (9) measurements of upper lip position and maxillary incisor crown height at rest and in maximum smile were recorded from their photographs. The photographic records were analyzed with the software for Windows, Digimizer medicalc   4.2.2. The individual measurements were correlated with sex distribution. Results: Relaxed and smiling external upper lip length and resting internal upper lip length was shorter in the women than in the men. Resting vermilion height and the maxillary central incisor height was also lesser in females than in males. The mean maxillary central incisor display at rest was greater in the women than in the men. Conclusion: Data from this study clearly indicated sexual dimorphisms in upper lip length, maxillary central incisor display and labial vestibular insertion.  J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2026; 44: 17-25

Ectopic mandibular canines are a rare condition that has been little documented in the literature, and their treatment can be challenging for clinicians. Case report: The present article reports on the treatment of an ectopic mandibular canine (43) located transversely to the midline in the chin region in an upright patient with Class II malocclusion with biprotrusion and severe crowding. It was decided to extract the ectopic canine in the lower arch, together with the removal of three premolars, to correct the crowding without prejudice to the inclination of the incisors. As well as correcting the negative discrepancy, extraction treatment can also improve facial balance and profile. Results: After two years’ follow-up, the case is stable with satisfactory results. Conclusion: Clinicians must use their judgement to consider if orthodontic traction of a tooth in the lower arch is feasible or outweighs its cons. The replacement of a canine by the premolar in the lower arch can be achieved without aesthetic or functional compromise.

One of the main goals of orthodontic management is to achieve a beautiful smile. However, beauty has both objective and subjective dimensions. This study aims to evaluate the factors that affect the perception of the smile in patients consulting for orthodontic treatment about the vision of their practitioners. Fifty orthodontic patients and 30 orthodontists evaluated the degree of attractiveness of 16 photographs of the smile. Dental, gingival and labial parameters were used. Statistical analyses of the level of perception of each group were performed. The Student t-test and the Chi-square test were used to compare the attractive and unattractive smile parameters. The perception of smile aesthetics between orthodontists and orthodontic patients has shown a significant difference (P < 0.05). Orthodontists were more analytical in judging variables like smile arc, alterations of the gingival display and the palatal inclination of the maxillary incisors.

Objective: To examine salivary pH changes and the plaque formation in two different orthodontic treatments clinically. Methods: The study sample included 40 patients, who were divided into two groups according to the type of orthodontic appliance: Group CA, (n=15) clear aligners; Group FT, (n=25) fixed appliances. Group FT received both metal (FT/SS) and elastic ligatures (FT/EM) for 2 weeks respectively to test the effect of ligature type also. Salivary pH values, plaque index, and plaque percentage were measured at T0 (after scaling and polishing) and T1 (after 2 weeks). pH was measured with a digital caliper (HI 2211 pH/ORP Meter) and plaque was identified by a discoloring agent (Tri Plaque ID Gel). The Paired t-test, Independent t-test, Anova test and Pearson Correlation tests were used in the statistical analysis. Results: There was significant decrease in salivary pH values after two weeks of metal ligature in FT/SS. Plaque index and plaque percentage parameters showed significant incremental changes between groups with the least increase in CA, followed by FT/SS and FT/EM respectively. Conclusion: Different types of orthodontic treatment and ligatures significantly effected salivary pH and the amount of plaque formation during orthodontic treatment. Aligners had the least effect on salivary pH and plaque formation while fixed treatment with elastic ligature affected the most. Therefore, aligner treatment may be more beneficial for patients with compromised oral hygiene.

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]

The International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM) held its 2022 Convention in Kansas City, Missouri from October 21 - 23. The Proceedings of the Convention contain abstracts and summaries of podium and poster presentations.