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Correction: Associated morphometric and geospatial differentiation among 98 species of stone oaks (Lithocarpus)
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199538.].
Journal Article
Oak origins : from acorns to species and the tree of life
\"Oaks are familiar to almost everyone, and beloved. They are embedded in our mythology, and sculpted into cathedral walls. They have fed us, housed us, provided wood for our ships and wine barrels and homes and halls, planked our roads, and kept us warm. It is hard to imagine a more important tree genus than oaks to the culture and ecology of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been a great deal written about oaks for popular audiences, but no book has focused on oaks' evolutionary history. In this engrossing book, Andrew L. Hipp, an expert on plant ecology and evolution, shows how oaks themselves are part of the Tree of Life, connecting all organisms that have ever lived on Earth. Considering oaks' lineage from their beginnings some 120 million years ago to today, he investigates how their evolution is imprinted on our world\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Canopy Cover Loss of Mediterranean Oak Woodlands
Although forest areas have been growing in Europe, some forest types have been declining regionally. Since the 1980 s, there have been reports of defoliation and mortality in evergreen oak woodlands of the Iberian Peninsula. However, long-term and large-scale trends of Iberian oak decline are still poorly understood. We quantified trends in canopy cover for cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Q. rotundifolia) woodlands in mainland Portugal for a 50 year period (1965 to 2015). We considered loss of canopy cover a proxy of forest degradation and asked how it changed over time, in association with human activity and climate. Between 1965 and 2015, both cork oak and holm oak canopy cover showed declining trends (57.9% and 71.1% of sampling points, respectively). Canopy cover dynamics, however, differed across time. Between 1965 and 1990, canopy cover gains (over 35% of sampling points) prevailed over losses (under 20%), with larger differences for cork oak than holm oak. Between 1990 and 2015, canopy cover losses (over 70% of sampling points) were much higher than gains (under 9%). Oak canopy cover decrease was associated with flatter areas (usually having more intensive land use) for both oak species, higher cattle numbers (holm oak only) and higher mean temperature (cork oak only). Contrastingly, loss of holm oak canopy cover seems to have occurred in less hot and dry regions that enable more intensive land uses. Active restoration is urgently needed to reverse the current decline in canopy cover in Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands.
Journal Article
Oaklore : adventures in a world of extraordinary trees
What connects Robin Hood, the history of ink, fungi, Shakespeare and sorcery? In 'Oaklore', Jules Acton, an ambassador for The Woodland Trust, explores the incredibly diverse history of the 'king of the woods': from a source of food and shelter to its use in literature as a plot device and muse, its role as an essential ingredient in ink, and in mythology from across the British Isles as a sacred plant and precious resource. Acton's infectious enthusiasm shines through in chapters that open with excerpts from oak-y poems, as well as tips for connecting with nature - like how to recognize bird songs and help moths and butterflies thrive. Meeting fellow oak-lovers along the way, and trees like Sherwood Forest's Medusa Oak or the gargantuan Marton Oak in Cheshire, Acton plots an unforgettable journey through the tangled roots of the oak's story, and that of Britain itself.
BOOK
Longing for the Bomb
Longing for the Bomb traces the unusual story of the first atomic city and the emergence of American nuclear culture.Tucked into the folds of Appalachia and kept off all commercial maps, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, was created for the Manhattan Project by the U.S.government in the 1940s.
eBook
Sustaining Oak Forests in Eastern North America: Regeneration and Recruitment, the Pillars of Sustainability
Oak cover types comprise half of the forestlands in the eastern United States. There is a great desire to sustain these highly valued forests. Unfortunately, reports of the successional replacement of oak are all too common, as they are throughout the world. Sustaining the oak resource requires the ability to both regenerate and recruit oak into the overstory as dominant mature trees. Too often these two critical processes are disconnected in oak management, thwarting the best of intentions to sustain oak. Restoring and sustaining oak forests require active management and long-term commitment. Climate change, high deer populations, invasive species, and social constraints can complicate oak management. Despite these challenges, we have sufficient knowledge to be successful in our efforts despite an uncertain future. Forest landscapes are too homogeneous today and may cause a bottleneck in oak regeneration as mature forests become old-growth. Management is needed to diversify the landscape and create a more balanced age structure that has the capacity to naturally regenerate oak. Landscape diversity is also desired to combat the myriad of forest threats and future uncertainty. Getting private landowners and public managers to manage for oak is key to changing landscapes and ensuring a quality oak resource.
Journal Article
Compositional Outcomes of 24-year-old Silvicultural Trials in Appalachian Forests of Virginia
Twenty-four growing seasons after installation, five regeneration cuts and one understory control treatment were remeasured to assess long-term effects on stand composition and development in the Appalachian forest region of southwest Virginia. The six experimental treatments included understory control, group selection, high-retention shelterwood, low-retention shelterwood, leave-tree, and clearcut, plus a non-harvested control. Two-hectares of each treatment were replicated on three oak (Quercus) dominated sites in the ridge and valley physiographic province of southwestern Virginia in 1994 and 1995. Overall, results indicated the high-retention shelterwood treatment favored oak species and partially suppressed yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). Among the overstory removal treatments, the clearcut treatments accrued the greatest aboveground biomass, partially due to the greater yellow poplar component. The clearcut also contained a relatively high importance values for oak species, but the prevalence of faster growing species within the clearcut suggests that intermediate treatments, such as crop tree release, could be necessary to retain the oak component. Overall, the high-retention shelterwood represents a balance to passively control post-harvest composition to favor an oak component while accruing biomass without intermediate oak release treatments.
Journal Article