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"Oaths"
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Truth Telling Under Oath
Oath taking for senior executives has been promoted as a means to enhance honesty within and toward organizations. Herein we explore whether people who voluntarily sign a solemn truth-telling oath are more committed to sincere behavior when offered the chance to lie. We design an experiment to test how the oath affects truth telling in two contexts: a neutral context replicating the typical experiment in the literature, and a “loaded” context in which we remind subjects that “a lie is a lie.” We consider four payoff configurations, with differential monetary incentives to lie, implemented as within-subjects treatment variables. The results are reinforced by robustness investigations in which each subject made only one lying decision. Our results show that the oath reduces lying, especially in the loaded environment—falsehoods are reduced by 50%. The oath, however, has a weaker effect on lying in the neutral environment. The oath did affect decision times in all instances: the average person takes significantly more time deciding whether to lie under oath.
This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Journal Article
Pledging Integrity: Oaths as Forms of Business Ethics Management
The global financial crisis has led to a surprising interest in professional oaths in business. Examples are the MBA Oath (Harvard Business School), the Economist's Oath (George DeMartino) and the Dutch Banker's Oath, which senior executives in the financial services industry in the Netherlands have been obliged to swear since 2010. This paper is among the first to consider oaths from the perspective of business ethics. A framework is presented for analysing oaths in terms of their form, their content and the specific contribution they make to business ethics management: oaths may foster professionalism, facilitate moral deliberation and enhance compliance. This framework is used to analyse and evaluate the MBA Oath, the Economist's Oath and the Banker's Oath as well as various other similar initiatives.
Journal Article
The value of the oath
Oaths play an important societal role.They are sworn by the likes of magistrates, soldiers, politicians, doctors and judges.It is telling that oaths appear in all (ancient) societies: from the Aztecs to the ancient Egyptians, and from the Persians to the Chinese dynasties.But why are oaths important?.
eBook
Public perceptions of the Hippocratic Oath in the U.K. 2023
This paper explores public perceptions of the Hippocratic Oath (Physician’s Oath) in the U.K. Results of a questionnaire administered online to 106 adults indicated that the majority were of the opinion that their primary and secondary health care doctors had taken the Oath (88% and 86% respectively). A majority thought that nurses, paramedics, psychotherapists and graduate scientists and researchers should also take some form of professional oath. Elements of the Oath which were deemed most important included that it is a sworn oath, that doctors should not harm patients, act in the best interests of patients, abide by the principles of autonomy and informed consent and maintain patient confidentiality. A significant proportion - about 20% - of the UK public felt that doctors had forgotten their Hippocratic Oath during COVID-19 lockdowns and associated vaccination programme, suggesting that recent history may have damaged the public faith in the medical profession.
Journal Article
On the Meaning of הֵעִיד in Biblical Hebrew: Between Summoning Witnesses and Imposing Oaths
Abstract
The verb הֵעִיד in Biblical Hebrew is understood by most scholars primarily within the semantic field of עֵד, \"witness.\" However, many of its biblical occurrences do not befit this reading. These were interpreted according to the context, as bearing the meaning of: \"to warn,\" \"to assure,\" \"to command.\" Explaining the connection between all aspects of the verb poses a challenge. The present paper argues that all these meaning are in fact interrelated: they all derive from the meaning of הֵעִיד (and the verbal phrase הֵעִיד בְּ) as implying the imposition of an oath.
Oaths are based on the summoning of divine witnesses as guarantors of the sworn undertakings. Convocation of witnesses thus became associated with oaths, and consequently הֵעִיד developed a secondary meaning of imposing an oath. Understanding the verb הֵעִיד as implying the imposition of an oath will reconcile the various meanings attributed to this verb, and unveil the internal links between them.
Journal Article
Embracing the fullness of the Hippocratic Oath: Understanding ethics for registered dietitians in complex cases like VSED
The Code of Ethics for Nutrition and Dietetics Professionals (2018) is explained by and correlated with the Hippocratic Oath. A current complex ethical situation that registered dietitians may encounter is voluntary stopping of eating and drinking, when incapacitated patients facing future serious illness request to starve and dehydrate themselves to hasten their own death voluntarily. This is in contrast to situations when assisted nutrition becomes burdensome or poses no benefit for the patient and their prognosis, typically near the end of life. Dignity therapy is an up-and-coming therapeutic strategy that practitioners can learn to use for appropriate practice to uphold the four parameters of the Code of Ethics for Nutrition and Dietetics Professionals (2018). Using current evidence from medical ethics, a systematic process for deciphering moral dilemmas is presented and grounded in evidence from the American Dietetic Association (2008) and the current Code of Ethics for Nutrition and Dietetic Professionals (2018).
•The Code of Ethics (2018) for Dietitians is aligned with the Hippocratic Oath.•Voluntary stopping eating and drinking is a complex ethical issue for Registered Dietitians when patients decline food to hasten death.•Spiritual care and Dignity Therapy help Registered Dietitians uphold ethical, patient-centered care.•A systematic ethics process uses evidence from moral psychology, and Code of Ethics (2018).
Journal Article