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"Object-oriented languages"
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Power-Laws in a Large Object-Oriented Software System
We present a comprehensive study of an implementation of the Smalltalk object oriented system, one of the first and purest object-oriented programming environment, searching for scaling laws in its properties. We study ten system properties, including the distributions of variable and method names, inheritance hierarchies, class and method sizes, system architecture graph. We systematically found Pareto - or sometimes log-normal - distributions in these properties. This denotes that the programming activity, even when modeled from a statistical perspective, can in no way be simply modeled as a random addition of independent increments with finite variance, but exhibits strong organic dependencies on what has been already developed. We compare our results with similar ones obtained for large Java systems, reported in the literature or computed by ourselves for those properties never studied before, showing that the behavior found is similar in all studied object oriented systems. We show how the Yule process is able to stochastically model the generation of several of the power-laws found, identifying the process parameters and comparing theoretical and empirical tail indexes. Lastly, we discuss how the distributions found are related to existing object-oriented metrics, like Chidamber and Kemerer's, and how they could provide a starting point for measuring the quality of a whole system, versus that of single classes. In fact, the usual evaluation of systems based on mean and standard deviation of metrics can be misleading. It is more interesting to measure differences in the shape and coefficients of the data?s statistical distributions.
Journal Article
C++ for dummies
Learn to: Program in C++ from the ground up. Write your first program in C++, work with master classes and inheritance, sail through streaming I/O.
Book
Mastering SAP ABAP
ABAP is an established and complex programming language in the IT industry. This book will give you confidence in using the latest ABAP programming techniques and applying legacy constructions with the help of practical examples.
eBook
From Ruby to Elixir
Elixir will change the way you think about programming. Use your Ruby experience to quickly get up to speed so you can see what all of the buzz is about. Go from zero to production applications that are reliable, fast, and scalable. Learn Elixir syntax and pattern matching to conquer the basics. Then move onto Elixir's unique process model that offers a world-class way to go parallel without fear. Finally, use the most common libraries like Ecto, Phoenix, and Oban to build a real-world SMS application. Now's the time. Dive in and learn Elixir.Whether you're a seasoned Ruby developer looking to expand your skill set or a programming beginner looking for a solid foundation in Elixir, this book has what you need to get up to speed quickly. Elixir is a functional language with a fairly small footprint. This makes it easier to learn and put into production than other languages. Plus, it's built on forty-year-old foundations that give your applications rock-solid stability.The first part of this book is all about developing expertise in the language. Learn about the core data types, build application data structures, enumerate over data, and use pattern matching to control the flow of an application. Elixir has an amazing process model that allows for (actually) easy parallel processing. Learn how to tap into this process model so you can leverage that power yourself.The second part of this book builds a real-world application using the most important libraries in a web developer's toolbox. Each library is compared to its similar Ruby library so you'll quickly see similarities and differences. We'll use Ecto, Phoenix, and Oban to build a SMS application powered by Twilio.What are you waiting for? Tap into your Ruby knowledge and start building scalable Elixir applications today.What You Need:You'll need Elixir 1.14+ and Erlang/OTP 24+ installed on a Mac OS X, Linux, or Windows machine.
eBook
From Ruby to Elixir
Elixir will change the way you think about programming. Use your Ruby experience to quickly get up to speed so you can see what all of the buzz is about. Go from zero to production applications that are reliable, fast, and scalable. Learn Elixir syntax and pattern matching to conquer the basics. Then move onto Elixir's unique process model that offers a world-class way to go parallel without fear. Finally, use the most common libraries like Ecto, Phoenix, and Oban to build a real-world SMS application. Now's the time. Dive in and learn Elixir.Whether you're a seasoned Ruby developer looking to expand your skill set or a programming beginner looking for a solid foundation in Elixir, this book has what you need to get up to speed quickly. Elixir is a functional language with a fairly small footprint. This makes it easier to learn and put into production than other languages. Plus, it's built on forty-year-old foundations that give your applications rock-solid stability.The first part of this book is all about developing expertise in the language. Learn about the core data types, build application data structures, enumerate over data, and use pattern matching to control the flow of an application. Elixir has an amazing process model that allows for (actually) easy parallel processing. Learn how to tap into this process model so you can leverage that power yourself.The second part of this book builds a real-world application using the most important libraries in a web developer's toolbox. Each library is compared to its similar Ruby library so you'll quickly see similarities and differences. We'll use Ecto, Phoenix, and Oban to build a SMS application powered by Twilio.What are you waiting for? Tap into your Ruby knowledge and start building scalable Elixir applications today.What You Need:You'll need Elixir 1.14+ and Erlang/OTP 24+ installed on a Mac OS X, Linux, or Windows machine.
eBook
Taming the Infinite Chase: Query Answering under Expressive Relational Constraints
The chase algorithm is a fundamental tool for query evaluation and for testing query containment under tuple-generating dependencies (TGDs) and equality-generating dependencies (EGDs). So far, most of the research on this topic has focused on cases where the chase procedure terminates. This paper introduces expressive classes of TGDs defined via syntactic restrictions: guarded TGDs (GTGDs) and weakly guarded sets of TGDs (WGTGDs). For these classes, the chase procedure is not guaranteed to terminate and thus may have an infinite outcome. Nevertheless, we prove that the problems of conjunctive-query answering and query containment under such TGDs are decidable. We provide decision procedures and tight complexity bounds for these problems. Then we show how EGDs can be incorporated into our results by providing conditions under which EGDs do not harmfully interact with TGDs and do not affect the decidability and complexity of query answering. We show applications of the aforesaid classes of constraints to the problem of answering conjunctive queries in F-Logic Lite, an object-oriented ontology language, and in some tractable Description Logics.
Journal Article