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Lifting Universal Masking in Schools — Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff
Among school districts in the greater Boston area, the lifting of masking requirements was associated with an additional 44.9 Covid-19 cases per 1000 students and staff during the 15 weeks after a statewide masking policy was rescinded.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to promote physical activity among Japanese remote workers: a pilot open-label randomized controlled trial
Objectives: Remote work (ie, teleworking) may adversely affect physical activity (PA) among workers, but no strategies have been effectively implemented to address this issue. We aimed to test whether a multicomponent intervention program could promote the PA of remote workers.Methods: This study was an 8-week pilot open-label randomized controlled trial. Fifty-one participants (19 women) aged 23-58 years were recruited via an information technology company in Tokyo, Japan, and randomly assigned to the control (n = 26) or intervention (n = 25) group. The intervention group was provided a multicomponent intervention that comprised individual (lecture, print material, goal setting, feedback, and posters), sociocultural (supportive atmosphere and team building), and organizational (encouraging message from an executive) strategies. The control group only received posters. The primary outcome was an 8-week change in objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The secondary outcomes were changes in light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA, steps, and sedentary time. We also conducted subdomain analyses divided into working and nonworking days.Results: No significant difference was observed in MVPA changes between the 2 groups. However, the intervention group showed significant improvement in light PA by +14.0 min/d (95% CI, 1.7-26.2). Subdomain analyses also showed no significant differences in MVPA changes between the 2 groups. However, MVPA in the intervention group significantly increased by +9.4 min/d (95% CI, 2.5-16.2) on working days.Conclusions: The present multicomponent intervention was feasible for remote workers, although some revisions are necessary to enhance the effect size.
Journal Article
Hybrid working has benefits over fully in-person working — the evidence mounts
Some employers are backing away from hybrid working, but research suggests that they need not be concerned.
Some employers are backing away from hybrid working, but research suggests that they need not be concerned.
A woman works on the laptop at her desk in her home. A monitor and two plants are also seen on the desk
Journal Article
A less detailed job axis in a quantitative job-exposure matrix results in a similar exposure-response association
IntroductionQuantitative job-exposure matrices (JEMs) have been developed to assign exposure using International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)-68 coded job information. For extended compatibility with the less detailed ISCO-88 coding, a quantitative JEM using the same underlying model was developed. We compared exposure-response relationships between cumulative respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and lung cancer risk using a quantitative JEM based on ISCO-88 (88-JEM) and ISCO-68 (68-JEM).MethodsBased on a common set of approximately 15 000 RCS measurements, job-specific, region-specific and time-specific exposure levels were estimated for the 88-JEM and the 68-JEM and linked to participants’ job histories. Exposure-response relationships in an international lung cancer case-control study were analysed by logistic regression and generalised additive models.ResultsThe 88-JEM and the 68-JEM yielded similar RCS-lung cancer associations, with elevated lung cancer risks across each cumulative exposure quartile. The 88-JEM exhibited a minor not statistically significant upward bend in the exposure-response curve at higher exposures.ConclusionTo accurately detect associations between disease risk and occupational exposure, quantitative JEMs can be applied in community-based studies that provide job histories in either ISCO-88 or ISCO-68.
Journal Article
Exploratory research on occupational exposures and breast cancer risk in the CECILE study
ObjectivesIn ‘exploratory mode’, to examine associations between occupational exposure to 49 prevalent agents and breast cancer risk.MethodsIn a French population-based case–control study on breast cancer (2005–2007), lifetime occupational histories of 1230 incident cases and 1315 controls were collected. An industrial hygienist coded each job held by a participant. Job codes were subsequently linked to the Canadian job-exposure matrix, and exposure level estimates for numerous agents were generated. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between occupational exposure to 49 prevalent agents and breast cancer risk, adjusting for established breast cancer risk factors and selected sociodemographic covariates.ResultsIncreased ORs, ranging between 1.33 and 2.39, were observed for women in the highest tertile of cumulative exposure versus unexposed for the following 12 agents: sodium carbonate, synthetic fibres, wool fibres, silk fibres, organic dyes and pigments, plastic dusts, plastics pyrolysis fumes, ozone, nitrogen oxides, anaesthetic gases, aliphatic ketones and mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. When stratified by menopausal status, the ORs for many of these agents were stronger among premenopausal versus postmenopausal women.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the possible role of some occupational agents in the aetiology of breast cancer. Further studies, based on large sample sizes and high-quality exposure assessment, are needed to confirm our findings.
Journal Article
Occupational injuries caused by fire and smoke in Victoria, Australia, 2003–2021: a descriptive study
ObjectivesHospital attendance related to fire, flame or smoke exposure is commonly associated with work. The aim of this study was to examine time trends and risk factors for work-related fire/flame/smoke injuries in Victoria, Australia.MethodsThis study was based on emergency department (ED) presentation records from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset, 2003–2021. Cases were people aged 15–74 years with injury-related ED presentations, if cause of injury was recorded as fire/flame/smoke, based on coded data and/or narratives. Work-related rates were calculated per employed persons; non-work rates were calculated per population. Work-related and non-work-related cases were compared using logistic regression modelling.ResultsThere were 11 838 ED presentations related to fire/flame/smoke: 1864 (15.7%) were work-related. Non-work-related rates were 12.3 ED presentations per 100 000 population, and work-related rates were 3.43 per 100 000 employed persons annually. Over the study period, work-related rates decreased annually by 2.0% (p<0.0001), while non-work rates increased by 1.1% (p<0.0001). Work-related cases (vs non-work) were associated with summer (vs winter), but the association with extreme bushfire periods (Victorian ‘Black Saturday’ and ‘Black Summer’) was not statistically significant. Work-related cases were less severe than non-work-related cases, evidenced by triage status and subsequent admission.ConclusionsRates of occupational fire/flame/smoke-related injury presentations decreased over the past two decades in Victoria, while non-work-related rates increased. This could reflect improved safety in the workplace. Hospital data, however, cannot be used to distinguish occupation or industry therefore, employment data linkage studies are recommended to further inform workplace preventive measures.
Journal Article
Predicting noise-induced hearing loss with machine learning: the influence of tinnitus as a predictive factor
This study aimed to determine which machine learning model is most suitable for predicting noise-induced hearing loss and the effect of tinnitus on the models' accuracy.
Two hundred workers employed in a metal industry were selected for this study and tested using pure tone audiometry. Their occupational exposure histories were collected, analysed and used to create a dataset. Eighty per cent of the data collected was used to train six machine learning models and the remaining 20 per cent was used to test the models.
Eight workers (40.5 per cent) had bilaterally normal hearing and 119 (59.5 per cent) had hearing loss. Tinnitus was the second most important indicator after age for noise-induced hearing loss. The support vector machine was the best-performing algorithm, with 90 per cent accuracy, 91 per cent F1 score, 95 per cent precision and 88 per cent recall.
The use of tinnitus as a risk factor in the support vector machine model may increase the success of occupational health and safety programmes.
Journal Article
Workplace and non-workplace cannabis use and the risk of workplace injury: Findings from a longitudinal study of Canadian workers
Objectives
Findings of previous studies examining the relationship between cannabis use and workplace injury have been conflicting, likely due to methodological shortcomings, including cross-sectional designs and exposure measures that lack consideration for timing of use. The objective was to estimate the association between workplace cannabis use (before and/or at work) and non-workplace use and the risk of workplace injury.
Methods
Canadian workers participating in a yearly longitudinal study (from 2018 to 2020) with at least two adjacent years of survey data comprised the analytic sample (
n
= 2745). The exposure was past-year workplace cannabis use (no past-year use, non-workplace use, workplace use). The outcome was past-year workplace injury (yes/no). Absolute risks and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated between workplace and non-workplace cannabis use at one time point and workplace injury at the following time point. Models were adjusted for personal and work variables and were also stratified by whether respondents’ jobs were safety-sensitive.
Results
Compared to no past-year cannabis use, there was no difference in workplace injury risk for non-workplace cannabis use (RR 1.09, 95%CI 0.83–1.44). However, workplace use was associated with an almost two-fold increased risk of experiencing a workplace injury (RR 1.97, 95%CI 1.32–2.93). Findings were similar for workers in safety-sensitive and non-safety-sensitive work.
Conclusion
It is important to distinguish between non-workplace and workplace use when considering workplace safety impacts of cannabis use. Findings have implications for workplace cannabis use policies and substantiate the need for worker education on the risks of workplace cannabis use.
Journal Article