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Design of Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines
As the demand for \"green\" energy increases the offshore wind power industry is expanding at a rapid pace around the world. This book is a comprehensive reference which covers the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines, and includes examples and case studies. It provides an overview of a wind farm and a wind turbine structure, and examines the different types of loads on the offshore wind turbine structure. Foundation design considerations and the necessary calculations are also covered. The geotechnical site investigation and soil behavior/soil structure interaction are discussed, and the final chapter takes a case study of a wind turbine and demonstrates how to carry out step by step calculations.
eBook
Subsea Pipeline Design, Analysis, and Installation
This book is based on the authors' 30 years of experience in offshore. The authors provide rigorous coverage of the entire spectrum of subjects in the discipline, from pipe installation and routing selection and planning to design, construction, and installation of pipelines in some of the harshest underwater environments around the world. All-inclusive, this must-have handbook covers the latest breakthroughs in subjects such as corrosion prevention, pipeline inspection, and welding, while offering an easy-to-understand guide to new design codes currently followed in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, and other countries.
eBook
A hybrid algorithm for the variable-sized bin-packing problem of pipe cutting in offshore platform construction
Given that the items and bins have random sizes, the optimization of pipe cutting in offshore platform construction can be described as a variant of the variable-sized bin-packing problem. In this study, we propose a hybrid algorithm (HCHACO) that embeds a constructive heuristic based on the combined approach in the modified ant colony optimization (ACO) scheme to solve this problem. The combined approach solves the subset sum problem by the combination of the greedy operation and dynamic programming. Study and mutation operations are introduced to the modified ACO to improve local search ability. Performance comparisons between the proposed and existing algorithms are carried out through experiments on several sets of instances. Results show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Journal Article
Arctic offshore engineering
There is an increasing need to construct engineering structures in the Arctic seas. The requirement is principally generated by the oil and gas industry, because of the substantial reserves that are known to exist offshore in the Beaufort Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Barents Sea, the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Sakhalin, the Canadian Arctic, and almost certainly elsewhere. Structures have to withstand the severe environmental forces generated by sea ice, a subject that is developing rapidly but is still far from completely understood. Underwater pipelines have to be safe against ice gouging and strudel scour, but also have to be constructed safely and economically. The social and human environment has to be understood and respected.
eBook
A review of offshore wind farm layout optimization and electrical system design methods
There is more wind with less turbulence offshore compared with an onshore case, which drives the development of the offshore wind farm worldwide. Since a huge amount of money is required for constructing an offshore wind farm, many types of research have been done on the optimization of the offshore wind farm with the purpose of either minimizing the cost of energy or maximizing the total energy production. There are several factors that have an impact on the performance of the wind farm, mainly energy production of wind farm which is highly decided by the wind condition of construction area and micro-siting of wind turbines (WTs), as well as initial investment which is influenced by both the placement of WTs and the electrical system design, especially the scheme of cable connection layout. In this paper, a review of the state-of-art researches related to the wind farm layout optimization as well as electrical system design including cable connection scheme optimization is presented. The most significant factors that should be considered in the offshore wind farm optimization work is highlighted after reviewing the latest works, and the future needs have been specified.
Journal Article
Improving logistics scheduling and operations to support offshore wind construction phase
The increasing construction of offshore wind farms and the expected improved profitability call for a better efficiency in offshore logistics. The purpose of this study is to propose scheduling and operations improvements for logistics to support offshore wind construction. The study conducts a literature review of scientific studies on the offshore wind logistics. Based on this review, a definition of offshore wind logistics during construction phase is proposed. It can be seen that only a few studies have focused on offshore wind logistics (except installation vessel) during wind turbine construction phase. To help closing this gap, a model is proposed to evaluate and select offshore logistics spread in order to support construction phase. Results on simulations show that logistics spread efficiency varies depending on the season, distance to shore and geographical location. Adaptation and combination of logistics concepts may be necessary to achieve best cost efficiency. The results are important as a basis for further empirical studies in this area. At the end, we propose research areas for operational improvements.
Journal Article
Compact Valve Hall Layout of DC Transformer for Offshore Wind Farm All-DC Collection Platform
To solve the problems of high investment cost, difficulty in improving AC collection efficiency, and broadband resonance in flexible DC transmission of offshore wind power, researchers have proposed an all-DC collection system. To further optimize the economic efficiency of offshore wind farm engineering, this paper studies on the compact valve hall layout of DC transformer for offshore wind farm all-DC collection platforms. The minimum air clearance inside the valve hall was determined based on the insulation level of the DC transformer, and a compact valve hall layout plan for the DC transformer was proposed, taking into account factors such as the electrical main wiring scheme, weight distribution, and symmetrical balance. The proposed compact valve hall layout scheme for DC transformers can reduce the volume of offshore all-DC collection platforms, save engineering construction costs, and improve the efficiency of offshore wind farms. This article can provide reference and guidance for subsequent research on all-DC collection and economic transmission of large-scale offshore wind farms.
Journal Article
Studies on cyclic behavior of tripod suction bucket foundation system supporting offshore wind turbine using centrifuge model test
To be competitive in offshore wind energy production, safe and economical foundation design is essential. In recent years, tripod suction bucket foundations have been considered as an alternative to conventional foundations owing to their unique features suitable for offshore construction environments, economic installation, and high overturning resistance. However, it is difficult to accurately predict the behavior of tripod foundation because the load acting on the tripod is complex in HVM (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and moment loads) and the response varies depending on the size and direction of the load. Moreover, it is harder to analyze because the effects of cyclic loads must be considered in an offshore environment. This study, therefore, has investigated the behavior of the tripod suction bucket foundation under cyclic loadings. To analyze the complex responses of the tripod foundation in detail, the overall behavior of the tripod foundation system was observed based on the compression–pullout behavior of a single bucket. Moment–rotation responses, the cyclic stiffness, and permanent displacements of the tripod foundation are evaluated by analyzing the vertical behavior of the single‐bucket foundations as well as the rotational behavior of the tripod foundation. A number of centrifuge model tests were carried out with different loading conditions (i.e., loading amplitudes and directions). It was confirmed that the cyclic behavior of the tripod bucket foundation is significantly affected by loading amplitudes and directions. Furthermore, this study emphasized the importance of considering load characteristics when designing the tripod foundation.
Journal Article