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"Offshore platforms"
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Life on an oil rig
Examines the hardships of working on an oil rig and looks at the history of drilling, the engineering challenges encountered, and the danger involved.
Book
Review on Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures. Part I: Types of Platforms with Some Applications
Diverse forms of offshore oil and gas structures are utilized for a wide range of purposes and in varying water depths. They are designed for unique environments and water depths around the world. The applications of these offshore structures require different activities for proper equipment selection, design of platform types, and drilling/production methods. This paper will provide a general overview of these operations as well as the platform classifications. In this paper, a comprehensive review is conducted on different offshore petroleum structures. This study examines the fundamentals of all types of offshore structures (fixed and floating), as well as the applications of these concepts for oil exploration and production. The study also presents various design parameters for state-of-the-art offshore platforms and achievements made in the industry. Finally, suitable types of offshore platforms for various water depths are offered for long-term operations. An extension of this study (Part II) covers sustainable design approaches and project management on these structures; this review helps designers in understanding existing offshore structures, and their uniqueness. Hence, the review also serves as a reference data source for designing new offshore platforms and related structures.
Journal Article
Forecasting the legacy of offshore oil and gas platforms on fish community structure and productivity
There are currently thousands of offshore platforms in place for oil and gas extraction worldwide, and decommissioning efforts over the next three decades are estimated to cost more than US$200 billion. As platforms reach the end of their useful lifetime, operators and regulatory agencies will assess the environmental impact of potential decommissioning strategies. Among the many factors that will be weighed in preparation for these major economic and engineering challenges is the fate of the fish and invertebrate communities that inhabit the structures underwater. Offshore platforms act as inadvertent artificial reefs, and some are recognized among the most productive fish habitats in the global oceans. We present a model for forecasting changes to fish communities surrounding offshore installations following a series of decommissioning alternatives. Using 24 platforms off southern California, we estimate fish biomass and somatic production under three possible decommissioning scenarios: leave in place, partial removal at 26-m depth, and complete removal of the platform and underlying shell mound. We used fish density and size data from scuba and submersible surveys of the platforms from 1995–2013 to estimate biomass and annual somatic production. Bottom trawl surveys were used to characterize future fish assemblages at platform sites under the complete-removal decommissioning scenario. Based on a conservatively modeled extrapolation of the survey data, we found that complete removal of a platform resulted in 95% or more reduction in the average fish biomass and annual somatic production at the site, while partial removal resulted in far smaller losses, averaging 10% or less. In the event that all surveyed platforms are completely removed, we estimated a total loss of more than 28,000 kg of fish biomass in the Southern California Bight. Platform habitats, which attract reef-dwelling fish species, had minimal overlap in community composition with the surrounding soft-bottom habitat. To best serve the wide range of stakeholder interests, the site-specific biomass, productivity and species composition information provided in this study should be incorporated into strategic decommissioning planning. This approach could be used as a model for informing “rigs to reefs” discussions occurring worldwide.
Journal Article
Review on Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures. Part II: Sustainable Design Approaches and Project Management
Offshore structures exist in a variety of forms, and they are used for a variety of functions in varied sea depths. These structures are tailored for certain environments and sea depths. Different actions for suitable equipment selection, platform type design, and drilling/production processes are required for the applications of these offshore structures, as given in Part I. This paper is the second part, which outlines various processes, loads, design approaches and project management of offshore platforms. To achieve these, proper planning must be conducted for lifting, transportation, installation, design, fabrication, and commissioning of these offshore platforms. Some historical developments of some offshore structures are presented, and some project planning routines are undertaken in this research. The ultimate goal is to provide a general overview of the many processes of offshore platform design, construction, loadout, transportation, and installation. Some discussions on the design parameters such as water depth and environmental conditions were presented. It also lists various software programs used in engineering designs covering software programs for structural analysis, 3D rendering, computer-aided design (CAD), hydrodynamic design, oceanic flow analysis, offshore structures analysis, mathematical modelling, coding/algorithm development software, and programming software to aid analytical calculations. The review also includes information on cutting-edge offshore platforms and industry advancements. Ultimately, for long-term operations, various types of offshore platforms for specific seawater depths are available.
Journal Article
MARINE PLATFORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: CLASSIFICATION, OPTIMIZATION AND IMPACT
The paper will provide an overview of platforms and their impact in the context of climate change on the seas and oceans. It discusses the types of platforms, and the technologies used to improve performance in the face of severe weather and sea level rise. The proposed work emphasizes the importance of integrating innovative solutions to improve the offshore industry. Analysis conducted so far highlight different types of platforms, classified according to their specific use and structural characteristics, highlighting their essential role in optimizing performance and adapting to changing climatic conditions. In the context of the challenges posed by climate change, this article will explore these typologies and discuss their importance in developing efficient and sustainable solutions capable of meeting future challenges. The aim is to improve the long-term performance of the offshore industry and optimize their adaptability in the face of new extreme conditions. In addition, the technological advances needed to ensure the continuous optimization of these platforms in an increasingly unpredictable environment will be analyzed. The study in this paper, based on literature data, aims to implement solutions for the optimization of offshore platforms. This 1s driven by the need to respond to the impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise and extreme weather events, thus ensuring the safety, efficiency and sustainability of platforms in the long term.
Conference Proceeding
Simulating Evacuation on Inclined Offshore Platforms with an Improved Social Force Model
Offshore platforms are particularly vulnerable to inclination or capsizing during extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, high waves, and powerful currents. These scenarios pose significant risks to offshore employees, making efficient evacuation strategies crucial. This study investigates evacuation processes on inclined offshore platforms, considering heel angles from 0° to 20° and trim angles from −20° to 20°, focusing on how platform inclination affects evacuation speed and overall evacuation time. To improve simulation accuracy, an Improved Social Force Model is proposed, incorporating both inclination-induced forces and attraction forces to better represent evacuation dynamics on inclined platforms. Simulation results indicate that evacuation time increases significantly when inclination angles exceed 15°, with longitudinal forces having a greater impact on stairway evacuations compared to heel forces. The findings offer valuable guidance for improving evacuation protocols on inclined offshore platforms.
Journal Article
A hybrid algorithm for the variable-sized bin-packing problem of pipe cutting in offshore platform construction
Given that the items and bins have random sizes, the optimization of pipe cutting in offshore platform construction can be described as a variant of the variable-sized bin-packing problem. In this study, we propose a hybrid algorithm (HCHACO) that embeds a constructive heuristic based on the combined approach in the modified ant colony optimization (ACO) scheme to solve this problem. The combined approach solves the subset sum problem by the combination of the greedy operation and dynamic programming. Study and mutation operations are introduced to the modified ACO to improve local search ability. Performance comparisons between the proposed and existing algorithms are carried out through experiments on several sets of instances. Results show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Journal Article
Methodology for the Formation of a Digital Model of the Life Cycle of an Offshore Oil and Gas Platform
This article systematizes scientific views on the problems associated with the conditions and patterns of creating a digital model of a sophisticated engineering and technical complex. The main elements of a digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform are considered. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the essence of the subject space of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is substantiated on the basis of modeling the subject space of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform using alternative graphs and information technologies. New concepts have been introduced into scientific circulation that reveal the essence of a digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform: life cycle cost, life cycle duration, and the scientific and technical level of the offshore oil and gas platform. The main provisions of the concept of the virtual life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform are considered. Based on modeling the subject area of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform by alternative graphs, is shown the relationship between the stages of the life cycle. The technology of model-based design of the virtual life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is proposed. The developed model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform based on the display of the life cycle by alternative graphs makes it possible to choose solutions for each stage based on criteria common to the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform. A cyclic procedure for managing a virtual life cycle model of an offshore oil and gas platform has been developed. The digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is constantly updated following the change in physical prototypes, which increases the accuracy of decisions based on it. The application of the model in practice will significantly reduce the number of full-scale tests of everything related to the manufacture of the real material part of a platform.
Journal Article