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Knight has proposed a common transnational education framework for use within and among countries. How this framework may be applied in particular contexts such as those of host countries like China remains unclear. The purpose of this article is to examine the literature to explore the framework to ascertain the extent of its utility in China in terms of application and research. The investigation highlights two areas for considerations by researchers and data collectors who may use the framework. The article concludes that understanding the peculiarities of transnational education in host countries plays a critical role in addressing the challenges associated with the development and application of a common framework and ultimately a robust international protocol for data collection of transnational education. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).

Among educational practices in the era of globalisation, developing countries are emerging with diverse representations of transnational collaboration. This paper investigates the operation and regulation of joint programs in Vietnam as a case study of higher education under the impact of profit-driven motives. It first reviews the trends, international agendas, and model frameworks for the provision of transnational services in education. Drawing on professional experience as quality assurance practitioners, higher education policymakers, and transnational education teacher participants, the authors critically reflect on recent development of joint programs in Vietnam pertaining to major quality assurance, decision making, partner selection, and curriculum issues. Corresponding solutions are then recommended with reference to aforementioned frameworks of effective practices. This paper offers both theoretical and practical views of transnational joint programs to inform key stakeholders in the enhancement of international collaboration in higher education. It also hopes to contribute to a more pluralistic perspective of this international practice to the current research field.

Τhe Greek Seas are one of the most favorable locations for offshore wind energy development in the Mediterranean basin. In 2023, the Hellenic Hydrocarbons & Energy Resources Management Company SA published the draft National Offshore Wind Farm Development Programme (NDP-OWF), including the main pillars for the design, development, siting, installation, and exploitation of offshore wind farms, along with the Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment. The NDP-OWF is under assessment by the relevant authorities and is expected to be finally approved through a Joint Ministerial Decision. In this work, the preliminary offshore wind energy assessment of the Greek Seas is performed using the CERRA wind reanalysis data and in situ measurements from six offshore locations of the Greek Seas. The in situ measurements are used in order to assess the performance of the reanalysis datasets. The results reveal that CERRA is a reliable source for preliminary offshore wind energy assessment studies. Taking into consideration the potential offshore wind farm organized development areas (OWFODA) according to the NDP-OWF, the study of the local wind characteristics is performed. The local wind speed and wind power density are assessed, and the wind energy produced from each OWFODA is estimated based on three different capacity density settings. According to the balanced setting (capacity density of 5.0 MW/km2), the annual energy production will be 17.5 TWh, which is equivalent to 1509.1 ktoe. An analysis of the wind energy correlation, synergy, and complementarity between the OWFODA is also performed, and a high degree of wind energy synergy is identified, with a very low degree of complementarity.

Transnational higher education (TNHE) is one of the most important, even if often neglected, aspects in the internationalisation of higher education. TNHE constitutes a strategy for universities to expand recruitment. Nonetheless, it is often argued that TNHE could constitute a way for the countries where it is implemented to retain their students and to become themselves destinations for students from abroad. Numerous questions about TNHE's potential to substitute traditional international student mobility currently feed the debate among scholars and stakeholders. The scarcity of data makes it difficult to answer these questions. This paper offers a macro-level panel data analysis of enrolment in Australian higher education within Australia, i.e. onshore, and abroad, i.e. offshore. Two goals are pursued: first, to investigate whether and to what extent the macro-determinants of traditional student mobility, as identified by the previous research, are also related to offshore enrolment and second, to examine the relation between the two phenomena in order to assess whether they could be considered substitutes. The results indicate that the macro-factors which influence onshore enrolment are also related to offshore enrolment, even if some of these relations occur in different ways and with different strengths. Studying abroad seems to be connected particularly with the lack of labour market opportunities in the home country. No substitutive linkage is found between offshore and onshore enrolment, confirming, as hypothesised by the previous research, that the two types of enrolment are absorbing different segments of international students. [Author abstract]

This pilot study explored the experiences of undergraduate students studying disability who undertook a three-week international Work Integrated Learning (WIL) placement in Brunei Darussalam. Presented are the students' perspectives of the value of the international WIL and its impact on their personal and professional growth. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and transcripts analysed using a thematic and iterative qualitative approach compatible with phenomenology. Three major themes exploring student experiences emerged: 'valued experiences', 'cultural dissonance' and 'personal and professional growth'. Four recommendations relate to 'selection interviews, comprehensive pre-departure sessions, accommodation, and quality university supervision'. Indicative findings suggest the placement had a valuable and positive impact on the students, increasing their cultural competence and assisting with their personal and professional growth. Additionally, the findings provide further insight on what makes international WIL placements successful and promotes optimal learning. [Author abstract]

While Vietnamese students continue to enrol in international branch university campuses in Vietnam, little is known about the Vietnamese first year transition into these institutions, especially from a cultural perspective. This article presents the findings of four case studies that explored the face strategies used by Vietnamese undergraduate business students in transition to an international branch campus based in Vietnam. The use of collectivist and individualist face strategies was examined in three phases: at commencement, mid-way and at the end of the first year of studies. The findings suggest that collectivist face strategies might not be employed as often as expected by Vietnamese first year students in this context even though they transition from a Confucian heritage culture. Understanding face strategies can help anticipate challenges of Vietnamese students studying in English-medium environments and inform culturally sensitive practices in teaching and learning. [Author abstract]

This article presents an evaluation research outcome that used a mixed method approach. The study evaluated a short-term, study tour unit that was offered as an elective, credit-bearing, work-integrated learning experience for second year undergraduate students at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. The unit of study offered students up to five different international destinations (India, China, Philippines, Samoa and Malaysia) from 2014-2017. The evaluation research project focused on participants' perceptions of working with third-party providers when undertaking a study tour program. The results from the study helped the authors to highlight the complexities around the implementation of an inclusive and collaborative process that is often required when co-developing a short-term, study tour program for multi-disciplinary student cohorts at a university-wide level. A main outcome from the study was the development of a set of recommendations for university study tour staff who find themselves operating in similar contexts. The recommendations highlight some practical solutions for providing avenues for the integration of an inclusive approach when developing a study tour program with third-party providers. [Author abstract]

This paper traces attempts by two \"brand-name\" research universities to transnationalise: the US-based Johns Hopkins University, and the University of New South Wales from Australia. Both endeavours were located in, and supported by, Singapore, a city-state with knowledge economy aspirations. The paper explores the globalisation of the research university, and offers insights into the regimes of value that are being assembled in, and through knowledge economies. Both institutions examined in this study failed in their attempts ostensibly because of a lack of fit in goals and commitment. The paper also highlights the ethical issues that frame the globalizing rationalities of research-intensive universities and developmental states seeking competitive advantage in a neoliberalising environment. (HRK/Abstract übernommen).

Transnational higher education is a rapidly growing phenomenon that is under-researched and often even misunderstood. As the world's most promising market, China has the potential to dwarf all traditional offshore markets. Little research has been done to seriously analyse the fast growth in China. A sound understanding of the Chinese situation facilitates improvement of future provision of higher education by Australian universities, presently the most dominant force in China. This article incorporates Chinese and English literature, reviews the latest Chinese government documents, and delineates a comprehensive picture of transnational education provision in China. It locates the development in a wider social and policy context in China, examines the basic features of Chinese-foreign partnerships, and reveals some major issues of concern. It argues that China needs to form effective regulatory frameworks to govern this new development in higher education, especially in terms of quality assurance to ensure cultural appropriateness of the joint programs. [Author abstract]

Software development teams in large scale offshore enterprise development programmes are often under intense pressure to deliver high quality software within challenging time contraints. Project failures can attract adverse publicity and damage corporate reputations. Agile methods have been advocated to reduce project risks, improving both productivity and product quality. This article uses practitioner descriptions of agile method tailoring to explore large scale offshore enterprise development programmes with a focus on product owner role tailoring, where the product owner identifies and prioritises customer requirements. In globalised projects, the product owner must reconcile competing business interests, whilst generating and then prioritising large numbers of requirements for numerous development teams. The study comprises eight international companies, based in London, Bangalore and Delhi. Interviews with 46 practitioners were conducted between February 2010 and May 2012. Grounded theory was used to identify that product owners form into teams. The main contribution of this research is to describe the nine product owner team functions identified: groom, prioritiser, release master, technical architect, governor, communicator, traveller, intermediary and risk assessor. These product owner functions arbitrate between conflicting customer requirements, approve release schedules, disseminate architectural design decisions, provide technical governance and propogate information across teams. The functions identified in this research are mapped to a scrum of scrums process, and a taxonomy of the functions shows how focusing on either decision-making or information dissemination in each helps to tailor agile methods to large scale offshore enterprise development programmes.