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Aiiieeeee!
In the eyes of mid-twentieth-century white America, \"Aiiieeeee!\" was the one-dimensional cry from Asian Americans, their singular expression of all emotions-it signified and perpetuated the idea of Asian Americans as inscrutable, foreign, self-hating, undesirable, and obedient. In this anthology first published in 1974, Frank Chin, Jeffery Chan, Lawson Inada, and Shawn Wong reclaimed that shout, outlining the history of Asian American literature and boldly drawing the boundaries for what was truly Asian American and what was white puppetry. Showcasing fourteen uncompromising works from authors such as Carlos Bulosan and John Okada, the editors introduced readers to a variety of daring voices.Forty-five years later the radical collection continues to spark controversy. While in the seventies it helped establish Asian American literature as a serious and distinct literary tradition, today the editors' forceful voices reverberate in contemporary discussions about American literary traditions. Now back in print with a new foreword by literary scholar Tara Fickle, this third edition reminds us how Asian Americans fought for-and seized-their place in the American literary canon.
eBook
Injection into the Space of Okada During Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections
Abstract
Objective
Ensuring medication delivery to the epidural space is crucial for effective transforaminal epidural steroid injections. Epidural needle placement is determined by injecting a small amount of contrast at the final needle position. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the appearance of contrast flow in the retrodural retroligamentous space of Okada during computed tomography– and fluoroscopy-guided cervical and lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections.
Design
This retrospective study will use a series of cases to demonstrate contrast within the space of Okada during epidural transforaminal steroid injections.
Setting
Tertiary medical center.
Subjects
Study subjects are adult patients who underwent transforaminal epidural steroid injection at our institution.
Methods
Cases were identified through the use of a search engine of existing radiology reports at our institution. Epidural steroid injection procedural reports were searched for the terms “Okada” and “retrodural space.” Images from the procedure were reviewed by the authors (all proceduralists with dedicated training in spinal injections) to confirm the presence of contrast within the space of Okada.
Results
This case series illustrates six examples of contrast injection into the retrodural space of Okada during cervical and lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections.
Conclusions
Contrast uptake in the retrodural space of Okada may be seen during transforaminal epidural injections. Although relatively uncommon, it is likely underrecognized. It is extremely important that providers who perform transforaminal epidural steroid injections be familiar with this non-epidural contrast flow pattern so they can adjust needle positioning to deliver steroid to the epidural space.
Journal Article
Prevalence of early morning alcohol consumption among commercial motorcyclists and its health consequences in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Abstract
Background
Alcohol is classified among legal substances, but its excess consumption can result in road traffic accidents via impairing psychomotor activity and concentration. This study investigated the prevalence of early morning alcohol consumption and its health consequences among commercial motorcycle (Okada) riders in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Methods
Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit subjects for this study. Cutting down alcohol; annoyed by comments on alcohol; guilt of alcohol use; early morning use of alcohol; eye opener (CAGE) questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of problematic alcohol use among Okada riders in Ado Ekiti.
Results
One hundred and seven Okada riders were assessed. Majority of them were young adults. Majority of the riders know another rider who have had a serious road traffic accident riding Okada in the past 12 months and 29% of them know a rider who had died riding Okada in the past 12 months. About 28.6% of them admit early morning alcohol consumption. Suppression of cold (45.5%), keeping awake (19.4%) and peer group effect (14.5%) were the major identified factors influencing them to use alcohol. The commonest types of injuries sustained were bruises and lacerations (51.1%) and fractures of upper and lower limbs (18.7%).
Conclusion
The early morning alcohol consumption among Okada riders contributed to road traffic accidents in Ekiti state, Nigeria.
Journal Article
Seismic and Geodetic Imaging (DInSAR) Investigation of the March 2021 Strong Earthquake Sequence in Thessaly, Central Greece
Three strong earthquakes ruptured the northwest Thessaly area, Central Greece, on the 3, 4 and 12 March 2021. Since the area did not rupture by strong earthquakes in the instrumental period of seismicity, it is of great interest to understand the seismotectonics and source properties of these earthquakes. We combined relocated hypocenters, inversions of teleseismic P-waveforms and of InSAR data, and moment tensor solutions to produce three fault models. The first shock (Mw = 6.3) occurred in a fault segment of strike 314° and dip NE41°. It caused surface subsidence −40 cm and seismic slip 1.2–1.5 m at depth ~10 km. The second earthquake (Mw = 6.2) occurred to the NW on an antithetic subparallel fault segment (strike 123°, dip SW44°). Seismic slip of 1.2 m occurred at depth of ~7 km, while surface subsidence −10 cm was determined. Possibly the same fault was ruptured further to the NW on 12 March (Mw = 5.7, strike 112°, dip SSW42°) that caused ground subsidence −5 cm and seismic slip of 1.0 m at depth ~10 km. We concluded that three blind, unknown and unmapped so far normal fault segments were activated, the entire system of which forms a graben-like structure in the area of northwest Thessaly.
Journal Article
A Goaf-Locating Method Based on the D-InSAR Technique and Stratified Okada Dislocation Model
Illegal coal mining is prevalent worldwide, leading to extensive ground subsidence and land collapse. It is crucial to define the location and spatial dimensions of these areas for the efficient prevention of the induced hazards. Conventional methods for goaf locating using the InSAR technique are mostly based on the probability integral model (PIM). However, The PIM requires detailed mining information to preset model parameters and does not account for the layered structure of the coal overburden, making it challenging to detect underground goaves in cases of illegal mining. In response, a novel method based on the InSAR technique and the Stratified Optimal Okada Dislocation Model, named S-ODM, is proposed for locating goaves with basic geological information. Firstly, the S-ODM employs a numerical model to establish a nonlinear function between the goaf parameters and InSAR-derived ground deformation. Then, in order to mitigate the influence of nearby mining activities, the goaf azimuth angle is estimated using the textures and trends of the InSAR-derived deformation time series. Finally, the goaf’s dimensions and location are estimated by the genetic algorithm–particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO). The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using both simulation and real data, demonstrating average relative errors of 6.29% and 7.37%, respectively. Compared with the PIM and ODM, the proposed S-ODM shows improvements of 19.48% and 52.46% in geometric parameters. Additionally, the errors introduced by GA-PSO and the influence of ground deformation monitoring errors are discussed in this study.
Journal Article
Surface deformation simulation for InSAR detection using a machine learning approach on the hantangang river volcanic field: A case study on the orisan mountain
Recent developments in remote sensing research have resulted in a large amount of variability in the data provided by researchers. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a tool used to measure surface deformation and assess changes in the Earth’s surface. Here, we consider the usefulness of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in assessing past volcanic activity as a key to learning the characteristics of the deformation around a volcano. The Hantangang River volcanic field (HRVF) is a geoheritage site in the Korean Peninsula that has interesting geological characteristics. This volcanic field has formed along 110 km of the paleochannel of the Hantangang River. Since the eruptions occurred from 0.15 to 0.51 Ma, the source is limited, which has raised interest in the assessment of volcanic landforms. The recent integration of machine learning and InSAR processing has shown promising results for many purposes, such as classifying, modeling, and detecting surface deformation. To examine the future impact based on information from the past, we utilized a synthetic interferogram with the Okada model and transferred it to a machine learning algorithm. The synthetic interferogram was formed based on Sentinel-1 C-band satellite data to simulate the deformation phases. The orbital errors, the topographical data errors, and the atmospheric effect were also simulated and added to the synthetic interferogram to enrich the learning input. A convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with the unwrapped simulated interferogram data and its performance was evaluated. Our proposed method exhibits the capability to detect volcanic activity’s deformation patterns with synthetic interferogram data. The results show that an overall accuracy of more than 80% was achieved using the CNN algorithms on the validation dataset. This study is the first to use machine learning approaches for detecting prehistorical volcanic deformation and demonstrates potential techniques for developing an approach based on satellite imagery. In addition, this study has introduced the possibility of developing a rapid detection of surface deformation using InSAR data based on a machine learning approach.
Journal Article
Coseismic deformation and source characterisation of the 21 June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake using dual-pass DInSAR
On 21 June 2022 (at 20:54:34UTC), a magnitude 6.0 (Richter scale) earthquake (depth 4 km) struck eastern Afghanistan, devastating parts of the Khost and Paktika provinces. With its epicentre located southwest of Khost city, more than 1000 people were killed and several thousands injured by the earthquake. Deformation modelling and finite-fault source characterisation provide essential information for seismic hazard management and advanced analysis of the seismicity in earthquake prone areas. The coseismic deformation, which occurred west of the NNE–SSW-trending North Waziristan–Bannu thrust fault zone, was assessed using dual-pass (ascending and descending) interferometric Sentinel-1 data. The line of sight (LOS) displacement estimated from ascending pass imagery ranged from + 0.38 m to − 0.16 m. The descending pass LOS displacement ranged from + 0.10 m to − 0.13 m. The displacement components are resolved in vertical and east–west directions using ascending and descending passes. The displacement is predominantly westward with a strong upliftment component, thus indicating an SW-trending oblique slip movement of the fault. Inversion modelling was done to derive the seismic source characteristics from DInSAR displacement values using an elastic dislocation model. The linear inversion model converges at a single fault source solution with a dip and strike of ~ 62° and 216° N, respectively, having a rake of 25° N. The distributed slip values vary between 0 and 2.25 m. The inversion model results in a moment magnitude of 6.18 and a geodetic moment of 2.06 × 1018 Nm, comparable to those derived using teleseismic body wave data by USGS. Damage assessment using optical data from the Worldview-1 satellite substantiates that the building damages are located primarily within the zone of surface deformation.
Journal Article
Coseismic Deformation, Fault Slip Distribution, and Stress Changes of the 2025 MS 6.8 Dingri Earthquake from Sentinel-1A InSAR Observations
On 7 January 2025, a MS 6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County, southern Tibet, within the extensional regime of the central Himalaya–southern Tibetan Plateau. Using ascending and descending Sentinel-1A SAR data, we applied a two-pass Differential InSAR (D-InSAR) approach with SRTM DEM data to retrieve high-precision coseismic deformation fields. We observed significant LOS deformation, revealing peak displacements of −1.06 m and +0.76 m, with deformation concentrated along the Denmo Co graben and clear offsets along its western boundary fault. Nonlinear inversion using the Okada elastic dislocation model and a quadtree down-sampled dataset yields a rupture plane 28.42 km long and 12.81 km wide, striking 183.51°, dipping 55.41°, and raking −71.95°, consistent with a predominantly normal-faulting mechanism with a minor left-lateral component. Distributed-slip inversion reveals that peak slip (4.79 m) was concentrated in the upper ~10 km of the fault, with the main asperity located in the central fault segment. The seismic moment is estimated to be 4.24 × 1019 Nm, which corresponds to a magnitude of MW 7.05. Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS) calculations indicate stress increases (>0.01 MPa) at the northern and southern rupture terminations (5–10 km depth) and the flanks at 15–20 km depth, suggesting elevated seismic potential in these regions. This integrated InSAR–modeling–stress analysis provides new constraints on the source parameters, slip distribution, and tectonic implications of the 2025 Dingri earthquake, offering important insights for regional seismic hazard assessment.
Journal Article
The National Body: Gender, Race, and Disability in John Okada’s No-No Boy
To counteract the meagre critical attention paid to the subject of disability in John Okada’s No-No Boy, this article first explores how the dis/abled characters’ bodies and minds are besieged by ableist ideologies and how the book’s ableist body politic sacrifices racial affinities between first-generation Issei and second-generation Nisei. While the protagonist’s journey of redemption or rehabilitation climaxes in a tragic yet hopeful ending, this hope resides in ableist prerequisites and is located in two points in time—either a reconstructed, idealized past or an anticipated, promising future. No-No Boy ultimately ends up submitting to rather than challenging structural ablenationalism since Okada insists on the ableist myth of wholeness and does not recognize that we are always already disabled. As an alternative, this article views disability as necessary and internal to both the self and Other. Disability is constitutive of the subject in the radical sense that the subject does not pre-exist its disability but emerges through it. When we reorient ourselves to the ontological truth that disability is an internal and pre-existent division, we decrease the narcissistic investment in the ideal image of self and create the possibility of the subject’s disinvestment from ableist culture.
Journal Article