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"Older people Long-term care Egypt."
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Geriatric psychiatry and dementia services in Egypt: current evidence, challenges and future directions
Background
Egypt’s population aged 60 years and above is projected to increase from 9.2% (2021) to 20.8% (2050). Dementia affects approximately 3–4% of older adults in Egypt, with regional projections indicating a 367% increase in cases by 2050. This review synthesizes evidence on dementia epidemiology, risk factors, service provision, and health system challenges in Egypt to inform policy development and service planning.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, WHO Institutional Repository, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, supplemented by Arabic-language journals, Egyptian government reports and other grey literature. Searches used English and Arabic terms combining Egypt with dementia, cognitive impairment, late-life mental disorders, services, and caregivers.
Results
Among adults aged ≥ 60 years, estimated dementia prevalence ranges from 1.96% to 5.07%, mild cognitive impairment from 32% to 37.7%, and late-life depression prevalence is approximately 64.6%. Public awareness of dementia remains low. Egypt’s mental health infrastructure comprises 18 hospitals and centres distributed across 13 of 27 governorates, with approximately 1,100 psychiatrists serving 105 million people. Memory clinics and psychogeriatric services are concentrated in urban academic centres, with limited availability in rural and underserved governorates. Caregiver burden is substantial, with 50% experiencing mild-to-moderate and 30% moderate-to-severe burden; 43% report anxiety and 33% depression. Long-term care facilities serve fewer than 0.06% of older adults. Egypt currently lacks a national dementia strategy or dedicated funding mechanism, in contrast to regional neighbours including Qatar, Kuwait, and Iran.
Conclusions
Large gaps persist in services, workforce capacity, public awareness, and caregiver support despite rising dementia burden. Key priorities include establishing a costed national dementia strategy, implementing primary-care cognitive screening, expanding task-sharing models, scaling evidence-based psychosocial interventions, and developing community-based services embedded within non-communicable disease programmes and the Universal Health Insurance rollout.
Journal Article
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in decompensated liver cirrhosis among elderly Egyptian patients: a single-center experience
Background
Hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common causes of liver cirrhosis in Egypt. Increasing aging population is a worldwide issue, and societies are facing various problems, including long-term care for populations with a high prevalence of chronic conditions; hence, comprehensive geriatric assessment is important for determining patients’ mental health, functional capacity, and social circumstances. Normally, a small amount of protein (normal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] < 30 mg/g) excreted in daily urine and excess amounts warrant further examination. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between UACR and the severity of liver cirrhosis among 47 elderly patients (more than 65 years old) and 47 adult patients (control group) admitted to the hospital as well as the relationship between UACR and geriatric cognitive functions, functional capacity, depression, and nutritional status.
Results
The present study showed that the cognitive, functional, and nutritional status of patients aged 65 years old or more were significantly affected by the severity of liver disease. The investigators also reported a significant relationship between UACR and Child–Pugh score in the elderly patient group. No significant relationship was found between UACR and the cognitive, functional, mood, or nutritional status of the elderly age group.
Conclusion
Overall, UACR was correlated to the severity of liver disease among elderly patients compared with adult patients with liver cirrhosis.
Journal Article
Informal and Formal Long-term Care for Frail Older Adults in Cairo, Egypt: Family Caregiving Decisions in a Context of Social Change
This paper explores the factors that lead family caregivers to place their frail older relatives into long-term care centers in Cairo, Egypt despite norms of family care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 “case” caregivers who placed their older relatives into long-term care and 17 “control” caregivers who provided for their older relatives at home. Cases and controls differed in their relationship to the older adult, number and proximity of supportive siblings, and perceived health status of the older adult. Caregivers who used long-term care justified their decision by stressing the need for relief from the burden of caregiving, and by conceiving long-term care as part of a broadened definition of family care. Egyptians are devising new strategies of care despite persistent norms of reciprocity among kin. As demographic, epidemiologic, and socioeconomic changes continue, families may adopt new combinations of care to support their frail older relatives. Findings underscore the need for population-based research about strategies of caring for frail older relatives in this context.
Journal Article
Dementia : a public health priority
The world's population is ageing. Improvements in health care in the past century have contributed to people living longer and healthier lives. However this has also resulted in an increase in the number of people with noncommunicable diseases including dementia. Although dementia mainly affects older people it is not a normal part of ageing. Dementia is a syndrome usually of a chronic or progressive nature caused by a variety of brain illnesses that affect memory thinking behaviour and ability to perform everyday activities. Dementia is devastating not only for the people who have it but also for their caregivers and families. It is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. There is lack of awareness and understanding of dementia at some level in most countries resulting in stigmatization barriers to diagnosis and care and impacting caregivers families and societies physically psychologically and economically. Dementia can no longer be neglected but should be considered a part of the public health agenda in all countries. The objective of this report is to raise awareness of dementia as a public health priority to articulate a public health approach and to advocate for action at international and national levels based on the principles of inclusion integration equity and evidence.
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