Explore the vast range of titles available.

Research questionThis scoping review investigates the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of gamete donation, a critical facet of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, by analyzing the evolving research scope, methodological approaches, and the geographical skew in the literature. Despite the increased global uptake of donor gametes, current scholarship predominantly emanates from Western contexts and focuses on majoritized groups. This bias constrains the universality of research findings and limits their applicability across varied legal, cultural, and social contexts, underscoring a need for broader inclusivity.DesignWe addressed 867 pivotal articles published between 1999 and 2019.ResultsOur analysis reveals a discernible escalation in research volume, with 62% based on empirical research. The intellectual landscape unfolds into four dominant clusters: Regulatory Frameworks, Incentives, and Access; Family Dynamics and Genetic Linkages; Identity and Privacy in Donor Conception; and Cultural and Societal Attitudes towards GD. Each cluster highlights nuanced dimensions of gamete donation, from regulatory intricacies and psychological welfare to identity ethics and cultural perceptions.ConclusionOur findings advocate for a shift towards more globally representative and methodologically inclusive research. By integrating diverse cultural narratives and expanding geographical breadth, future research can offer holistic understandings of gamete donation, fostering equitable and culturally resonant practices and policies worldwide.

On September 5, 2010, the Israeli Parliament passed a law that allows Israeli female residents to donate their oocytes to infertile Israeli female residents. This law includes unique restrictions that do not exist in other countries. Our aim was to characterize Israeli oocyte donors and recipients and the outcomes of the oocyte donation program as regulated by national law. This retrospective study included 26 financially compensated volunteer donors (mean age 29 ± 3.52 years) and 69 recipients (mean age 44.6 ± 3.53 years) who underwent 30 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles and 166 embryo transfers (ETs) in our unit between March 2016 and November 2020. Stringent legal caveats unique to Israel (e.g., Jewish/Moslem donor only to Jewish/Moslem recipient, only unmarried donor, eggs in one cycle restricted to ≤ 3 recipients, donated sperm only from non-Jewish donors, and more) were meticulously applied. Sociodemographic characterizations of donors and recipients were reviewed, and pregnancy and obstetric outcomes were determined. Variables that were significant in achieving live births among the recipients were examined. Twenty-five donors and all 69 recipients were Jewish, and most were unmarried and childless. The main indication for seeking egg donation was age ≥ 40 years/perimenopause (80%). One-half of the recipients used donor sperm and one-half used partner sperm. The pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage rates were 28.6%, 19.2%, 18.2%, and 2.8%. The live birth rate was negatively associated with multiple ETs. Maternal complications included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (18.2%), gestational diabetes mellitus (32.3%), and caesarean sections (78.8%). There were no adverse neonatal outcomes. In conclusion, few young women are interested in donating oocytes in Israel. Pregnancy and live birth rates are lower than published values in other egg donation programs.

Egg donation is a procedure that is powerfully advertised as a beneficial experience with limited mention of the associated risks. Egg donor recruitment advertisements target young and financially insecure women and can serve as a catalyst for interest in egg donation. In the absence of explicit egg donation advertisement regulations and without counterbalancing information from other sources, potential donors may not be able to recognize how advertisements can be misleading. In this paper, we enumerate two types of misleading information in egg donor recruitment advertisements that can influence the decision to donate that might not exist otherwise: (1) the focus on financial benefits and (2) the minimization of health risks. We draw upon existing Federal Drug Administration and Federal Trade Commission regulations that govern other types of medical advertisements and demonstrate their suitability to govern egg donor recruitment advertisements. We conclude that similar regulations could address the regulatory gap in which egg donation advertisements are situated by ensuring that information is balanced and not overly persuasive, thus better protecting the autonomy of egg donors.

The Journal of Medical Ethics previously published on the debate in the UK and the Netherlands concerning the legal age limits imposed on donor-conceived people for access to information about the identity of gamete and embryo donors. In that publication, three arguments were foregrounded against lowering these age limits as a general rule for all donor-conceived people. In this contribution, we engage with these arguments and argue why we think they are insufficient to maintain the age limits. In contrast, we argue for a more suited, contextual and relational ethical framework based on care ethics, which emphasises relational autonomy and its dynamic, contextual development. This framework, we argue, provides a comprehensive approach for the analysis we made of the question of age limits and was applied in research performed in the Netherlands, commissioned by the Dutch Minister of Health. The framework enabled us to weigh the multidisciplinary—legal, psychological, phenomenological and ethical—findings of our research.

Background: Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been implemented in Iran for nearly thirty years. However, except for embryo donation, none of the other cases, including embryo and sperm donation have not yet been legalized through parliamentary resolutions. This study aims to explore the challenges of these three types of donations from the perspective of fertility experts. Methods: This qualitative exploratory research was conducted in Tehran in 2024. Participants consisted of 12 specialists with experience in infertility treatment or other fields related to embryo, sperm and egg donation, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via focus group discussions and analyzed based on conventional content analysis using MAXQDA 20. Results: Data were classified into 12 categories. Eight categories describe the challenges and problems of egg, sperm, and embryo donation and 4 categories describe the solutions recommended by experts. Conclusion: According to the study findings, sperm donation faces the most legal and medical challenges compared to egg and embryo donation. Designing a comprehensive national protocol could be the best solution proposed to Iranian health policymakers. Conducting more qualitative and mixed methods studies related to sperm, egg, and embryo donation could confirm and strengthen the findings of this study.

Beyond gaps in the provision of information, the informed consent process for egg donation is complicated by conflicts of interest, payment and a lack of longitudinal data about physiological and psychological risks. Recent scholarship has suggested that egg donation programmes could improve the informed consent process by revising consent documents. At a minimum, these documents should include information about eight key criteria: the nature and objectives of treatment; the benefits, risks and inconveniences of egg donation; the privacy of donors and their anonymity (where applicable); disclosure that participation is voluntary (withdrawal); the availability of counselling; financial considerations; the possibility of an unsuccessful cycle and potential uses of the eggs retrieved. This study evaluates the incorporation of these minimum criteria in consent forms for egg donation, obtained through requests to Canadian fertility clinics. Even when clinics were considered to have met criteria simply by mentioning them, among the eight consent forms assessed, none met the minimum standards. Only half of clinics addressed privacy/anonymity concerns, financial issues and the possibility of a future cycle. Improving the quality of consent documentation to meet the minimum standards established by this study may not be an onerous task. For some, this will include re-evaluating how they include one or two elements of disclosure, and for others, this will require a substantial overhaul. Using the criteria provided by this study as the minimum standard for consent could ensure that donors have the basic information they need to make informed decisions.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has granted permission for the woman, referred to only as \"M,\" to take her daughter's eggs to a US clinic for in vitro fertilisation with sperm from an anonymous donor.

Objective The objective of the study is to examine attitudes towards aspects of donation treatment based on a national Swedish sample of gamete donors and couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Methods The present study was part of the Swedish study on gamete donation, a prospective longitudinal cohort study including all fertility clinics performing gamete donation in Sweden. The sample comprised 164 oocyte donors, 89 sperm donors, 251 people treated with their own gametes (in vitro fertilisation (IVF)), 213 oocyte recipients and 487 sperm recipients. A study-specific questionnaire was used. Results Attitudes vary widely between couples using their own gametes for IVF and those receiving or donating oocyte or sperm. The groups differed in their responses to most questions. Oocyte and sperm donors were more likely to agree with the statements “The donor should be informed if the donation results in a child” and “Offspring should receive some information about the donor during mature adolescence” than recipients of donated gametes and couples treated with their own gametes. Conclusion Donor recipients, IVF couples and donors expressed different attitudes towards openness and information when it came to gamete donation, and those differences seemed to depend on their current reproductive situation.

At the High Court in London lawyers for Mrs M asked Mr Justice Ouseley to rule that the authority's decision was unlawful and a breach of the family's human rights.

In the United States, a woman may receive $20,000 for an egg used for reproduction but nothing for the same egg used for stem-cell research. Debora Spar argues that what we need is a fresh debate on egg donation and a new set of policies. Debora Spar and Emily Galpern debate the appropriateness of financial compensation for women who donate oocytes for in vitro fetrilization and stem-cell research. Spar is a professor of business administration at Harvard Business School, and Galpern is a project director on reproductive health and human rights at the Center for Genetics and Society, Oakland, California. Anna Behrens is 24 years old. Tall and slim, she is working toward her Ph.D. in art history at an Ivy League school. During her undergraduate years, Anna accumulated $27,000 in credit-card debt. In the fall of 2005, frustrated by her economic straits, Anna answered an advertisement in her university's magazine promising $25,000 to a “tall, athletic woman” willing to “give a gift of life and love.” Anna visited the agent who had placed the ad, underwent medical tests at a fertility clinic, and met the couple that was searching for eggs. Through the agent, they offered her $20,000 plus . . .