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"Open architecture"
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Reinventing cultural architecture : a radical vision by OPEN
Drawing on a series of conversations and site visits to six recent groundbreaking projects, architecture writer Catherine Shaw describes how Beijing-based OPEN Architecture is reinventing and responding to China's complex and fast-changing cultural landscape with projects that mark a new era for contemporary Chinese cultural architecture.
Book
A review of G code, STEP, STEP-NC, and open architecture control technologies based embedded CNC systems
Computer Numeric Control (CNC) is a significant pillar of manufacturing for decades. These systems are an essential part of future manufacturing. In the urge towards the development of next-generation manufacturing systems, various technologies have been introduced. Moreover, based on those technologies, numerous systems have been developed all around the world. In order to assist in future research, the related major technologies and developments are discussed in this content. This paper presents the review of basics CN), Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP), Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), G codes (ISO 6983), Standard for the Exchange of Product (STEP) model data (STEP), STEP-numeric control (STEP-NC), and open architecture control (OAC) technologies. The in-depth discussion on the development and implementation of the STEP and STEP-NC technologies is also addressed. The review also highlights the benefits and role of the open architecture control technology in the CNC system development. Apart from that, the paper also presents the last 17 years of embedded CNC systems development in tabular form, which shows the cocktail of various technologies and ISO data interface models. Finally, the paper concludes with future directions and recommendations.
Journal Article
The Development and Experimental Implementation of an Open Mechatronic Drive Platform for a BLDC Servomotor in an Industrial Robotic Axis
This paper presents an open-architecture mechatronic drive platform for operating a three-phase BLDC servomotor in an industrial robotic axis. A sequential and iterative mechatronic design methodology is adopted, integrating electronic design, digital control, mechanical development, and experimental prototyping, with emphasis on open-loop operation. The electronic circuit was designed using schematics and a PCB and validated in Proteus Design Suite 8.15 (Labcenter Electronics Ltd., London, UK) to verify switching sequences and inverter behavior. The power stage is based on a six-switch insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter module, complemented by an independent snubber protection board and a dedicated digital gate-drive control board. The mechanical enclosure was designed using computer-aided design (CAD), CAD software tools (Shapr3D, version 5.911.0 (9224), Shapr3D Zrt., Budapest, Hungary), and fabricated via 3D printing. Switching behavior was simulated in Octave using parameters from a real industrial BLDC servomotor (Yaskawa SGMAH series) extracted from a Motoman robotic axis. The contribution is design-oriented in a mechatronic engineering sense, emphasizing accessibility, openness, and experimental enablement of industrial drive hardware rather than control-performance optimization. An industrial Yaskawa BLDC servomotor from the Motoman robot is used to determine switching sequences and safe operating parameters. Experimental open-loop tests were conducted by directly commanding the six inverter switching sectors, resulting in the stable synchronous rotation of the motor on the developed electromechanical platform.
Journal Article
Open architecture : migration, citizenship, and the urban renewal of Berlin-Kreuzberg by IBA-1984/87
The International Building Exhibition 1984/87 in Berlin constitutes one of the most remarkable examples to discuss \"open architecture\". Almost 10,000 dwellings were constructed or restored in the Kreuzberg districts adjacent to the Berlin Wall, inhabited about halfway by immigrants. The renowned author Esra Akcan, related in many ways to Turkey, Berlin and the USA, narrates the history and reverberations of this architectural-political event.
Book
Methods and tools for the optimal adaptable design of open-architecture products
Adaptable design has the potential to improve product competitiveness through meeting customers’ needs in the product life cycle. Design of open-architecture products has been proposed using the adaptable design method with open and adaptable as well as standard interfaces. Effective tools are required for engineers to apply the concept and approaches of the adaptable design in their daily design processes. This research proposes an optimization method of the adaptable design for open-architecture products. Mathematical models and algorithms considering both adaptability and openness have been developed to identify an optimal design of the adaptable product configuration considering the existing modules and products. An integrated system framework and optimization methods have been implemented as a cyber-enabled tool for the adaptable design of open-architecture products to enable users and vendors to participate in the product development processes using open, adaptable, and standard interfaces. Design of an industrial product was carried out to verify the proposed methods and tools. The system usability, effectiveness, and efficiency were also evaluated.
Journal Article
Thoughts on the development of novel network technology
In this paper, we explore potential innovations that could lead to breakthrough developments in Internet technologies. The deep integration of the Internet and economic society brings professionalized service capacity demand, while existing Internet infrastructure with its current technological systems still face a number of challenges, such as intelligence, diversification, personalization, robustness, and efficiency. First, we analyze the actual foundation of innovation and specify the basic technical features of a novel network. Then, we propose a fully dimensionally definable open architecture as the primary direction, and consider reshaping baseline technologies as a starting point and discuss the core operational mechanisms of the novel network based on such reshaped baseline technologies.
Journal Article
Enhancing interface adaptability of open architecture products
Open architecture products are built with the platform and open interfaces where different add-on modules from various sources can be connected to meet individualized customers’ requirements. Since add-on modules from different vendors are interacted with the product platform through the interfaces, enhancing the interface adaptability to facilitate interactions between the platform and add-on modules is critical for the development of open architecture products. In this work, an approach of open interface modeling is proposed based on parts and their assembling relationships. The quantification of the open interface is introduced with functional, structural, manufacturing, and operational adaptabilities. The developed analytical approach can enhance the interface adaptability of open architecture products. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Journal Article
Development of a feature-based open soft-CNC system
Modern computer numerical control (CNC) is intended to be more flexible, interoperable, adoptable, open, and intelligent. In realisation of such a CNC system, an ISO standard known as STEP for numeric control (STEP-NC) or ISO 14649 was developed in 2004 to alleviate a number of challenges associated with the widely used CNC standard (ISO 6983). Implementation of STEP-NC was initially carried out on some commercial CNC systems via an indirect STEP-NC programming approach. However, this approach failed to meet all the requirements of a modern CNC system, due to the translation of data from the high level to low level, which is vendor-specific and machine tool dependent, thus detrimental to the basic resource independent philosophy of STEP-NC. This paper presents a new generation of CNC systems, based on the Open Architecture Control (OAC) technology supported by STEP-NC data model to fundamentally solve these challenges. The developed system employs a new set of techniques for STEP-NC data interpretation, graphical verification, execution, monitoring, and report generation that supersede the exiting techniques in scope and capability. Using these techniques, the proposed system provides a flexible, intelligent, and adaptable manufacturing platform that can provide unprecedented levels of scalability and resource allocation agility in modern manufacturing enterprises. A prototype implementation of the proposed model is based on STEP-NC interpretation, 3D simulation, machine motion control, and live video monitoring with automatic document generation modules has been used to verify and validate the system in conjunction with industrially inspired test components.
Journal Article