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Planning public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure has gradually become a key factor in the electrification of mobility and decarbonization of the transport sector. In order to achieve a high level of electrification in mobility, in recent years, different studies have been presented, proposing novel practices and methodologies for the planning and operation of electric vehicles charging infrastructure. In this paper, the authors present an up-to-date analysis of the existing literature in this research field, organized by considering the perspectives and objectives of the principal actors/operators of the EV public charging infrastructure value chain. Among these actors, the electric vehicle, the charging operators and service providers, and the power system infrastructure (transmission and distribution system) are analyzed in depth. By classifying the reviewed literature based on this manifold viewpoints approach, this paper aims to facilitate researchers and technology developers in exploring the state-of-the-art methodologies for each actor’s perspective, and identify conflicting interests and synergies in charging infrastructure operation and planning.

In this work we study strong spectral properties of Ruelle transfer operators related to a large family of Gibbs measures for contact Anosov flows. The ultimate aim is to establish exponential decay of correlations for Hölder observables with respect to a very general class of Gibbs measures. The approach invented in 1997 by Dolgopyat in “On decay of correlations in Anosov flows” and further developed in Stoyanov (2011) is substantially refined here, allowing to deal with much more general situations than before, although we still restrict ourselves to the uniformly hyperbolic case. A rather general procedure is established which produces the desired estimates whenever the Gibbs measure admits a Pesin set with exponentially small tails, that is a Pesin set whose preimages along the flow have measures decaying exponentially fast. We call such Gibbs measures regular. Recent results in Gouëzel and Stoyanov (2019) prove existence of such Pesin sets for hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and flows for a large variety of Gibbs measures determined by Hölder continuous potentials. The strong spectral estimates for Ruelle operators and well-established techniques lead to exponential decay of correlations for Hölder continuous observables, as well as to some other consequences such as: (a) existence of a non-zero analytic continuation of the Ruelle zeta function with a pole at the entropy in a vertical strip containing the entropy in its interior; (b) a Prime Orbit Theorem with an exponentially small error.

Electrical power system operators (SOs) are free to realize grid operations according to their own strategies. However, because resulting power flows also depend on the actions of neighboring SOs, appropriate coordination is needed to improve the resulting system states from an overall perspective and from an individual SO perspective. In this paper, a new method is presented that preserves the data integrity of the SOs and their independent operation of their grids. This method is compared with a non-coordinated local control and another sequential method that has been identified as the most promising distributed optimization method in previous research. The time series simulations use transformer tap positioning as well as generation unit voltage setpoints and reactive power injections as flexibilities. The methods are tested on a multi-voltage, multi-SO, realistic benchmark grid with different objective combinations of the SOs. In conclusion, the results of the new method are much closer to the theoretical optimum represented by central optimization than those of the other two methods. Furthermore, the introduced method integrates a sophisticated procedure to provide fairness between SOs that is missing in other methods.

The increasing penetration of large-scale Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) has raised several challenges for power grid operation. Power management solutions supporting the integration of RESs, such as those based on energy storage technologies, are generally costly. Alternatively, promoting a more proactive role of the Distribution System Operator (DSO) to successfully manage RESs’ uncertainty, and take advantage of their flexible resources for the provision of ancillary services, can avoid installing expensive devices in the network and reduce costs. In this line, improved coordination between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and DSOs is highly desirable. In this paper, the feasibility of solving different aspects of the integration of RESs through an improved TSO/DSO coordination is evaluated. In particular, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted to study the most relevant TSO/DSO coordination approaches, exclusively focused on integrating distributed RESs, currently available in the literature. Their main operational, managerial, economic, and computational challenges, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed in detail to identify the most promising research trends and the most concerning research gaps to pave the way for future research toward developing a solid TSO/DSO coordination mechanism for integrating RESs efficiently. The main results of the SLR show a clear trend in implementing decentralized TSO/DSO coordination models since they provide efficient facilitation of RESs’ services, while reducing computational burden and communication complexity and, consequently, reducing operative costs. In addition, while different aspects of the TSO/DSO coordination implementation, such as reactive power and voltage regulation, operational cost minimization, operational planning, and congestion management, have been thoroughly addressed in the literature, further research is needed regarding data exchange mechanisms and RESs’ uncertainty modeling and prediction. In this line, the development of standardized communication solutions, based on the Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), has shown promising interoperability results, whereas the use of learning-based approaches to predict RESs’ uncertain behavior and distribution networks’ responses, using only historical data, which relieves the need for access to commercially sensitive and proprietary network data, has also shown itself to be a promising research direction.

We develop cohomological interpretations for several types of automorphic forms for Hecke triangle groups of infinite covolume. We then use these interpretations to establish explicit isomorphisms between spaces of automorphic forms, cohomology spaces and spaces of eigenfunctions of transfer operators. These results show a deep relation between spectral entities of Hecke surfaces of infinite volume and the dynamics of their geodesic flows.

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity sector for decarbonization purposes necessitates effective energy storage facilities, which can separate energy supply and demand. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) provide a practical solution to enhance the security, flexibility, and reliability of electricity supply, and thus, will be key players in future energy markets. Directive 2019/944, which focuses on common rules for the internal market of electricity, provides a regulatory framework for the deployment of energy storage facilities. However, several gaps and challenges remain regarding the implementation of the directive, particularly in insular energy systems with immature storage infrastructures such as Cyprus, an EU Member State. This study examines these challenges and gaps by investigating the case study of Cyprus while also presenting the handling of energy storage in other European countries such as Germany and Poland. The primary aim of this study is to identify gaps in the legislation regarding energy storage and potential bottlenecks or monopolistic approaches that could hinder the widespread deployment of BESS under the liberalization of the energy market. In light of several BESS technologies available in the market, the study focuses on lithium-based technologies, which account for the largest share of the BESS market and are projected to grow at the highest compound annual growth rate by 2030. Therefore, the authors concentrate on Lithium BESS. The study highlights the crucial role of storage facilities in transforming the power generation sector by shifting toward renewable sources of energy. As such, the study emphasizes the importance of effective regulatory frameworks in enabling the deployment of BESS, particularly in insular energy systems. Overall, this study sheds light on the gaps and challenges facing the deployment of BESS, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to design effective regulatory frameworks to facilitate the widespread adoption of BESS.

We present a Buildings-to-Grid (BtG) integration framework with intermittent wind-power generation and demand flexibility management provided by buildings. First, we extend the existing BtG models by introducing uncertain wind-power generation and reformulating the interactions between the Transmission System Operator (TSO), Distribution System Operators (DSO), and buildings. We then develop a unified BtG control framework to deal with forecast errors in the wind power, by considering ancillary services from both reserves and demand-side flexibility. The resulting framework is formulated as a finite-horizon stochastic model predictive control (MPC) problem, which is generally hard to solve due to the unknown distribution of the wind-power generation. To overcome this limitation, we present a tractable robust reformulation, together with probabilistic feasibility guarantees. We demonstrate that the proposed demand flexibility management can substitute the traditional reserve scheduling services in power systems with high levels of uncertain generation. Moreover, we show that this change does not jeopardize the stability of the grid or violate thermal comfort constraints of buildings. We finally provide a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation study to confirm the impact of achievements.

Motivated by a problem of one mode approximation for a non-linear evolution with charge accumulation in potential wells, we consider a general linear adiabatic evolution problem for a semi-classical Schrödinger operator with a time dependent potential with a well in an island. In particular, we show that we can choose the adiabatic parameter \\center Motivés par un problème d’approximation à un mode pour une évolution avec accumulation de charge dans des puits de potentiel, nous considérons un problème d’évolution linéaire pour un opérateur de Schrödinger avec un potentiel dépendant du temps avec un puits dans une île. En particular, nous montrons que nous pouvons choisir le paramètre adiabatique

Local operator systems are projective limits of operator systems. In this paper, we discuss several tensor products including minimal ( lmin ), maximal ( lmax ), local commuting, and λ -tensor product in the category of local operator systems. A characterization of ( lmin , lmax )-nuclearity is given which is local version of approximation theorem. We also show that projective limit of operator systems having completely positive factorization property (CPFP) is a local operator system having local completely positive factorization property (LCPFP).

In the last years, renewable energy sources have been changing the power system by making it more challenging to balance the generation and demand at every single point in time. The increasing penetration of distributed generation represents another trend at the distribution level that impacts the exploitation of existing distribution assets. In this context, the flexibility of distributed energy resources connected to the distribution systems may play an important role. The flexibility products are represented by variations in the scheduled/expected active and reactive power setpoints. Recently, regulatory bodies suggested many proposals and undertook actions for enabling new players, such as the distributed energy resources connected to the distribution systems, to provide both system and local services. However, currently, there are still barriers that might limit their effective involvement. Market schemes have been proposed for opening the participation of distributed energy resources in the service markets. This paper proposes an analytical quantification of how much the use of flexibility by the transmission system operator can influence the distribution system operator activities and the expected costs. The final goal is quantifying the flexibility that the transmission system operator can procure from the distribution system without a harmful impact on the distribution network operation. The paper investigates the expected interactions between the use of flexibility for power system balancing and security and the operation of distribution systems. The application of the methodology to a significant Case Study showed that even though the fit and forget approach causes a hypertrophic development of distribution systems to host distributed generation, the transmission system operator cannot obtain the required flexibility services or has to pay extra costs for bottlenecks caused by distribution system operational issues.