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"Optical illusions"
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Xtreme illusions. 2
Watch out! This book will scramble your eyeballs and boggle your brain with Perplexing Puzzles, Impossible Illusions, Loopy Lines, and more dizzying delights!-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
On traveling wave solutions with stability and phase plane analysis for the modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation
The modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (mBBM) model is utilized in the optical illusion field to describe the propagation of long waves in a nonlinear dispersive medium during a visual illusion (Khater 2021). This article investigates the mBBM equation through the utilization of the rational ( G ′ G ) -expansion technique to derive new analytical wave solutions. The analytical solutions we have obtained comprise hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. Some of these exact solutions closely align with previously published results in specific cases, affirming the validity of our other solutions. To provide insights into diverse wave propagation characteristics, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of these solutions using 2D, 3D, and density plots. We also investigated the effects of various parameters on the characteristics of the obtained wave solutions of the model. Moreover, we employed the techniques of linear stability to perform stability analysis of the considered model. Additionally, we have explored the stability of the associated dynamical system through the application of phase plane theory. This study also demonstrates the efficacy and capabilities of the rational ( G ′ G ) -expansion approach in analyzing and extracting soliton solutions from nonlinear partial differential equations.
Journal Article
Xtreme illusions
Seeing is believing. But what if you simply can't believe your eyes? Dive into another dimension and experience the eye-boggling and brain-twisting extremes of these awesome optical illusions. This mind-bending collection of visual puzzles will amaze your friends, mystify your family and even blow your own mind!
Book
The color phi phenomenon: Not so special, after all?
We show how anomalous time reversal of stimuli and their associated responses can exist in very small connectionist models. These networks are built from dynamical toy model neurons which adhere to a minimal set of biologically plausible properties. The appearance of a “ghost” response, temporally and spatially located in between responses caused by actual stimuli, as in the phi phenomenon, is demonstrated in a similar small network, where it is caused by priming and long-distance feedforward paths. We then demonstrate that the color phi phenomenon can be present in an echo state network, a recurrent neural network, without explicitly training for the presence of the effect, such that it emerges as an artifact of the dynamical processing. Our results suggest that the color phi phenomenon might simply be a feature of the inherent dynamical and nonlinear sensory processing in the brain and in and of itself is not related to consciousness.
Journal Article
The Uznadze illusion reveals similar effects of relative size on perception and action
Milner and Goodale (the visual brain in action, Oxford University Press Inc., Oxford, 1995) proposed a functional dissociation between vision-for-action and vision-for-perception (i.e., the “two-visual system hypothesis”, TVSH). Supporting the TVSH, it has been claimed that visual illusions affect perception but not actions. However, at least for the Ebbinghaus illusion, numerous studies have revealed consistent illusion effects on grasping. Thus, whether illusions affect actions remains controversial. To further investigate the dissociation predicted by the TVSH, we used a visual version of the Uznadze illusion (the same stimulus will feel smaller after feeling a larger stimulus and larger after feeling a smaller stimulus). Based on kinematic recordings of finger aperture in a motor (precision grip) and a perceptual task (manual estimation), we report two main findings. First, both action and perception are strongly affected by the Uznadze illusion. Second, the illusion decreases similarly in both tasks when inducing-induced pairs had different shape and color, in comparison to the equivalent condition where these features are the same. These results are inconsistent with a perception–action dissociation as predicted by the TVSH and suggest that, at least in the present conditions, vision-for-perception and vision-for-action are similarly affected by contextual cues.
Journal Article
Trick of the eye : art and illusion
Examines illusion in art and explores the techniques, styles, use of perspective, and composition that draw people in for repeated looks.
Book
Susceptibility to Optical Illusions Varies as a Function of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient but not in Ways Predicted by Local–Global Biases
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and those with autistic tendencies in non-clinical groups are thought to have a perceptual style privileging local details over global integration. We used 13 illusions to investigate this perceptual style in typically developing adults with various levels of autistic traits. Illusory susceptibility was entered into a principal-component analysis. Only one factor, consisting of the Shepard’s tabletops and Square-diamond illusions, was found to have reduced susceptibility as a function of autistic traits. Given that only two illusions were affected and that these illusions depend mostly on the processing of within-object relational properties, we conclude there is something distinct about autistic-like perceptual functioning but not in ways predicted by a preference of local over global elements.
Journal Article
13 art illusions children should know
Children love to be fooled--and artists are some of the greatest tricksters around. This collection features artworks that incorporate a variety of methods for tricking our eyes: including trompe l'oeil, clever uses of color and perspective, Surrealism, and Photo-Realism. Arranged thematically, each work is presented in a two-page spread. Lively texts explain the methods the artists employed to shape their illusions. Reproduced in vibrant color, these pieces of ripe fruit, blooming flowers, a half-opened curtain, flickering lines, and impossible worlds come alive on the page, providing hours of absorbing fun as readers are drawn into the stories behind their creation. Playful, intriguing, and educational, these great illusions are a terrific way to introduce children to the world of art.
Book
Variations in Oppel–Kundt Illusion Strength Among Depressive and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Groups: Impact of Benzodiazepine Use
Background and Objectives: The Oppel–Kundt (O–K) geometric optical illusion has been studied among people with mental disorders to understand the differences in their visual perception. Earlier studies were mainly focused on patients with schizophrenia, while less is known about patients with depression and the influence of medication use. The objectives were to compare illusion manifestation for schizophrenia, depression, and to evaluate possible differences depending on drug use. Materials and Methods: The stimuli consisted of three horizontally arranged dots, which were considered as terminators specifying the ends of the reference and the test stimulus intervals. The reference interval was filled with a set of distracting dots and changed, at random, from 0 to 19. The participants were asked to place the central terminator in the middle, between the outer ones. The trial consisted of 10 different figures, and each trial was repeated 10 times. This study involved 35 patients with depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a comparison group of 35 persons. Information about drug use by patients was retrieved from their medical records. Results: OK illusion manifested stronger in patients with depression compared to the other subjects. The patients who were taking benzodiazepines made greater errors evaluating OK figures than those who were not. No differences were found regarding other drug use. The limitations include a limited sample and possible interfering effects of other drugs, especially antidepressants, which have been shown to affect illusion perception. Conclusions: The OK illusion was more prominent in the patients with depression and in those who were taking benzodiazepines.
Journal Article