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"Optomechanics."
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Enhanced continuous generation of non-Gaussianity through optomechanical modulation
We study the non-Gaussian character of quantum optomechanical systems evolving under the fully nonlinear optomechanical Hamiltonian. By using a measure of non-Gaussianity based on the relative entropy of an initially Gaussian state, we quantify the amount of non-Gaussianity induced by both a constant and time-dependent cubic light-matter coupling and study its general and asymptotic behaviour. We find analytical approximate expressions for the measure of non-Gaussianity and show that initial thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical element does not significantly impact the non-Gaussianity. More importantly, we also show that it is possible to continuously increase the amount of non-Gassuianity of the state by driving the light-matter coupling at the frequency of mechanical resonance, suggesting a viable mechanism for increasing the non-Gaussianity of optomechanical systems even in the presence of noise.
Journal Article
Cavity magnomechanics: from classical to quantum
Hybrid quantum systems based on magnons in magnetic materials have made significant progress in the past decade. They are built based on the couplings of magnons with microwave photons, optical photons, vibration phonons, and superconducting qubits. In particular, the interactions among magnons, microwave cavity photons, and vibration phonons form the system of cavity magnomechanics (CMM), which lies in the interdisciplinary field of cavity QED, magnonics, quantum optics, and quantum information. Here, we review the experimental and theoretical progress of this emerging field. We first introduce the underlying theories of the magnomechanical coupling, and then some representative classical phenomena that have been experimentally observed, including magnomechanically induced transparency, magnomechanical dynamical backaction, magnon-phonon cross-Kerr nonlinearity, etc. We also discuss a number of theoretical proposals, which show the potential of the CMM system for preparing different kinds of quantum states of magnons, phonons, and photons, and hybrid systems combining magnomechanics and optomechanics and relevant quantum protocols based on them. Finally, we summarize this review and provide an outlook for the future research directions in this field.
Journal Article
Testing the gravitational field generated by a quantum superposition
What gravitational field is generated by a massive quantum system in a spatial superposition? Despite decades of intensive theoretical and experimental research, we still do not know the answer. On the experimental side, the difficulty lies in the fact that gravity is weak and requires large masses to be detectable. However, it becomes increasingly difficult to generate spatial quantum superpositions for increasingly large masses, in light of the stronger environmental effects on such systems. Clearly, a delicate balance between the need for strong gravitational effects and weak decoherence should be found. We show that such a trade off could be achieved in an optomechanics scenario that allows to witness whether the gravitational field generated by a quantum system in a spatial superposition is in a coherent superposition or not. We estimate the magnitude of the effect and show that it offers perspectives for observability.
Journal Article
Comparing nonlinear optomechanical coupling in membrane-in-the-middle and single-cavity systems
In cavity optomechanics, nonlinear interactions between an optical field and a mechanical resonator mode enable a variety of unique effects in classical and quantum measurement and information processing. Here, we describe nonlinear optomechanical coupling in the membrane-in-the-middle (MIM) system in a way that allows direct comparison to the intrinsic optomechanical nonlinearity in a standard, single-cavity optomechanical system. We find that the enhancement of nonlinear optomechanical coupling in the MIM system as predicted by Ludwig et al (2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 063601) is limited to the degree of sideband resolution of the system. Moreover, we show that the selectivity of the MIM system of nonlinear over linear transduction has the same limit as in a single cavity system. These findings put constraints on the experiments in which it is advantageous to use an MIM system. We discuss dynamical backaction effects in this system and find that these effects per cavity photon are exactly as strong as in a single cavity system, while allowing for reduction of the required input power. We propose using the nonlinear enhancement and reduced input power in realistic MIM systems towards parametric squeezing and heralding of phonon pairs, and evaluate the limits to the magnitude of both effects.
Journal Article
Rapid mechanical squeezing with pulsed optomechanics
Macroscopic mechanical oscillators can be prepared in quantum states and coherently manipulated using the optomechanical interaction. This has recently been used to prepare squeezed mechanical states. However, the scheme used in these experiments relies on slow, dissipative evolution that destroys the system's memory of its initial state. In this paper we propose a protocol based on a sequence of four pulsed optomechanical interactions. In addition to being coherent, our scheme executes in a time much shorter than a mechanical period. We analyse applications in impulsive force sensing and preservation of Schrödinger cat states, which are useful in continuous-variable quantum information protocols.
Journal Article
Multimode optomechanical system in the quantum regime
We realize a simple and robust optomechanical system with a multitude of long-lived (Q > 10⁷) mechanical modes in a phononic-bandgap shielded membrane resonator. An optical mode of a compact Fabry–Perot resonator detects these modes’ motion with a measurement rate (96 kHz) that exceeds the mechanical decoherence rates already at moderate cryogenic temperatures (10 K). Reaching this quantum regime entails, inter alia, quantum measurement backaction exceeding thermal forces and thus strong optomechanical quantum correlations. In particular, we observe ponderomotive squeezing of the output light mediated by a multitude of mechanical resonator modes, with quantum noise suppression up to −2.4 dB (−3.6 dB if corrected for detection losses) and bandwidths <90 kHz. The multimode nature of the membrane and Fabry–Perot resonators will allow multimode entanglement involving electromagnetic, mechanical, and spin degrees of freedom.
Journal Article
Noise-induced transitions in optomechanical synchronization
We study how quantum and thermal noise affects synchronization of two optomechanical limit-cycle oscillators. Classically, in the absence of noise, optomechanical systems tend to synchronize either in-phase or anti-phase. Taking into account the fundamental quantum noise, we find a regime where fluctuations drive transitions between these classical synchronization states. We investigate how this 'mixed' synchronization regime emerges from the noiseless system by studying the classical-to-quantum crossover and we show how the time scales of the transitions vary with the effective noise strength. In addition, we compare the effects of thermal noise to the effects of quantum noise.
Journal Article
Observation of high-order imaginary Poynting momentum optomechanics in structured light
The imaginary Poynting momentum (IPM) of light has been captivated as an unusual origin of optical forces. However, the IPM force is predicted only for dipolar magnetoelectric particles that are hardly used in optical manipulation experiments. Here, we report a whole family of high-order IPM forces for not only magnetoelectric but also generic Mie particles, assisted with their excited higher multipoles within. Such optomechanical manifestations derive from a nonlocal contribution of the IPM to the optical force, which can be remarkable even when the incident IPM is small. We observe the high-order optomechanics in a structured light beam, which, despite carrying no angular momentum, is able to set normal microparticles into continuous rotation. Our results provide unambiguous evidence of the ponderomotive nature of the IPM, expand the classification of optical forces, and open new possibilities for levitated optomechanics and micromanipulations.
Journal Article
Lab-On-Fiber Technology: A Roadmap toward Multifunctional Plug and Play Platforms
This review presents an overview of the “lab-on-fiber technology” vision and the main milestones set in the technological roadmap to achieve the ultimate objective of developing flexible, multifunctional plug and play fiber-optic platforms designed for specific applications. The main achievements, obtained with nanofabrication strategies for unconventional substrates, such as optical fibers, are discussed here. The perspectives and challenges that lie ahead are highlighted with a special focus on full spatial control at the nanoscale and high-throughput production scenarios. The rapid progress in the fabrication stage has opened new avenues toward the development of multifunctional plug and play platforms, discussed here with particular emphasis on new functionalities and unparalleled figures of merit, to demonstrate the potential of this powerful technology in many strategic application scenarios. The paper also analyses the benefits obtained from merging lab-on-fiber (LOF) technology objectives with the emerging field of optomechanics, especially at the microscale and the nanoscale. We illustrate the main advances at the fabrication level, describe the main achievements in terms of functionalities and performance, and highlight future directions and related milestones. All achievements reviewed and discussed clearly suggest that LOF technology is much more than a simple vision and could play a central role not only in scenarios related to diagnostics and monitoring but also in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field, where optical fibers have already yielded remarkable results.
Journal Article