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Oral histories
Historians recognize that history books often lack some crucial details about important events, details that can be properly captured through the accounts of people who were actually there. This book, which supports elementary social studies curricula, focuses on oral histories, including what they are, why they're essential to the historical record, and how readers can record them for themselves.
Book
Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Most Common Oral Pathologies
Saliva is a highly versatile biological fluid that is easy to gather in a non-invasive manner—and the results of its analysis complement clinical and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of multiple diseases. The objective of this review was to offer an update on the contribution of salivary biomarkers to the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the oral cavity, including oral lichen planus, periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, oral leukoplakia, peri-implantitis, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Salivary biomarkers such as interleukins, growth factors, enzymes, and other biomolecules have proven useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases, facilitating the early evaluation of malignization risk and the monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. However, further studies are required to identify new biomarkers and verify their reported role in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of oral diseases.
Journal Article
Impact of an oral care intervention protocol on oral health outcomes in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation or chemoradiation therapy
Background
Head and neck cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy may experience a notable and frequently sudden decline in their oral health. These alterations include oral mucositis that develops during and shortly after treatment, candida infections, trouble speaking, difficulty eating, bleeding gums, and tissue fibrosis.
Materials and methods
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of oral care intervention protocol (OCIP) on oral health and oral complications. The experimental group received a structured oral care protocol, and the control group received oral care as per the standard of care of the study setting. These patients were observed every week for up to 6 weeks until the completion of radiation therapy/chemoradiation. An experimental design using a randomized controlled trial was adopted for the study. After providing informed consent, the data were collected from 80 head and neck cancer patients.
Results
The maximum number of patients, i.e., 42.5% in the experimental group and 32.5% in the control group, were diagnosed with tongue cancer. Most of the participants, i.e., 57.5% in the experimental group and 67.5% in the control group, received chemoradiation as the treatment plan. Among all the oral complications, the median days to develop mucositis (
p
=.015), swallowing difficulty (
p
=.009), and chewing difficulty (
p
=.032) were significantly different from those of the control, indicating that the intervention was effective. As treatment progressed over the weeks, the severity of the oral problems increased in both groups (
p
=.001). Compared with routine care, oral care intervention improved oral health scores among cancer patients receiving head and neck radiation therapy/chemoradiation [F (401.982),
p
=.001].
Conclusion
These data suggest that the OCIP is clinically helpful in maintaining overall oral health among cancer patients receiving head and neck radiation/chemoradiation. The OCIP effectively delays the incidence of oral complications arising from head and neck radiation therapy/chemotherapy but does not prevent them. The findings of this study can also contribute to providing evidence for the use of an oral care kit, including all evidence-based interventions for patients receiving head and neck radiation/chemoradiation.
Journal Article
What is oral history?
An introduction to the concept of oral history, which is history that is not written down, but spoken and often passed down through generations.
Book
Trial of Apremilast for Oral Ulcers in Behçet’s Syndrome
In a phase 3 trial involving patients with Behçet’s syndrome, the small-molecule phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast reduced the number of oral ulcers and pain of ulcers and improved quality-of-life measures as compared with placebo over 12 weeks. Adverse events included diarrhea, nausea, and headache.
Journal Article
Diagnostic potential of salivary IL-1β, IL-8, SAT, S100P, and OAZ1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral lichen planus based on findings from a Sri Lankan cohort
The research examined the salivary concentrations of various biomarkers, such as
OAZ1
,
SAT
,
S100P
,
IL-1β
, and
IL-8
aiming to detect early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These biomarkers show potential as indicators for detecting both pre-cancerous and cancerous states within the oral cavity. Analyzing these specific molecules in saliva could help clinicians enhance diagnostic accuracy and refine early detection methods for OSCC. The research encompassed a cohort of nine OSCC patients, ten with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), eleven individuals with oral lichen planus (OLP), and ten healthy controls. The study focused on assessing the expression levels of key biomarkers—
IL-1β
,
IL-8
,
SAT
,
S100P
, and
OAZ1
mRNA—in extracellular RNA extracted from saliva samples. This evaluation was conducted using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with sequence-specific primers. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis was employed to gauge the efficacy of these biomarkers in detecting OSCC. Based on the results we observe, when these five biomarkers are used together, they give a 90% predictive probability for patients with OLP, an 80% predictive probability for OSF, and an impressive 100% predictive probability for patients with OSCC (AUC = 1.000,
p
= 0.000). This study demonstrates the efficacy of salivary transcriptome diagnostics in detecting OSCC. This novel clinical technique has the potential to be a powerful, efficient, and reliable tool for early detection of cancer. Salivary transcriptomes can be further analyzed to evaluate their effectiveness in other important illness contexts and for regular health monitoring.
Journal Article
Improving Leukoplakia Follow-Up: Information Leaflets, Habit Cessation Counseling
Background: The rising incidence of oral cancer necessitates widespread implementation of preventive measures, particularly in resource-challenged settings where visual examination and patient education are more feasible. Addressing the reluctance of patients clinically diagnosed with leukoplakia and reinforcing the importance of follow-up care is imperative. The study aims to assess the impact of patient information leaflets (PILs) and habit cessation counseling (HCC) on clinically diagnosed patients with leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 clinically diagnosed cases of leukoplakia and was divided into 3 groups (20 participants each). Group 1 received an expert-designed PIL, group 2 had HCC, and group 3 received both PILs and HCC. All groups underwent follow-up assessments, including lesion reexamination and a structured questionnaire. Results: Group 3 demonstrated the highest level of understanding and application of the information, as reflected in both their attitude and practice toward their habits, and group 2 did better than group 1. Conclusion: The combination of a PIL and an HCC can effectively support reluctant patients with leukoplakia, fostering habit cessation and promoting lifestyle modifications through increased awareness. Keywords: Leukoplakia, patient information leaflets, habit cessation counseling, oral cancer.
Journal Article