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Xenophon and the Orators on the Topography of Arginousae and Aegospotami
Abstract
In his description of the naval battles of Arginousae and Aegospotami Xenophon integrated detailed topographical data into the historical description of war operations because he regarded them as absolutely necessary elements of his text, which was intended as a tool of understanding and interpretation. On the other hand, the orators tend not to use the names of Arginousae and Aegospotami when referring to the episodes which occurred there, and they write in a way that shows that their fellow citizens did not want to know or remember the topography of these naval battles, since this would have evoked painful memories to them.
Journal Article
Giant's Causeway
In 1845, seven years after fleeing bondage in Maryland, Frederick Douglass was in his late twenties and already a celebrated lecturer across the northern United States. The recent publication of his groundbreakingNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slavehad incited threats to his life, however, and to place himself out of harm's way he embarked on a lecture tour of the British Isles, a journey that would span seventeen months and change him as a man and a leader in the struggle for equality.
In the first major narrative account of a transformational episode in the life of this extraordinary American, Tom Chaffin chronicles Douglass's 1845-47 lecture tour of Ireland, Scotland, and England. It was, however, the Emerald Isle, above all, that affected Douglass--from its wild landscape (\"I have travelled almost from the hill of 'Howth' to the Giant's Causeway\") to the plight of its people, with which he found parallels to that of African Americans. Writing in theSan Francisco Chronicle,critic David Kipen has called Chaffin a \"thorough and uncommonly graceful historian.\" Possessed of an epic, transatlantic scope, Chaffin's new book makes Douglass's historic journey vivid for the modern reader and reveals how the former slave's growing awareness of intersections between Irish, American, and African history shaped the rest of his life.
The experience accelerated Douglass's transformation from a teller of his own life story into a commentator on contemporary issues--a transition discouraged during his early lecturing days by white colleagues at the American Anti-Slavery Society. (\"Give us the facts,\" he had been instructed, \"we will take care of the philosophy.\") As the tour progressed, newspaper coverage of his passage through Ireland and Great Britain enhanced his stature dramatically. When he finally returned to America he had the platform of an international celebrity.
Drawn from hundreds of letters, diaries, and other primary-source documents--many heretofore unpublished--this far-reaching tale includes vivid portraits of personages who shaped Douglass and his world, including the Irish nationalists Daniel O'Connell and John Mitchel, British prime minister Robert Peel, abolitionist John Brown, and Abraham Lincoln.
Giant's Causeway--which includes an account of Douglass's final, bittersweet, visit to Ireland in 1887--shows how experiences under foreign skies helped him hone habits of independence, discretion, compromise, self-reliance, and political dexterity. Along the way, it chronicles Douglass's transformation from activist foot soldier to moral visionary.
eBook
Frederick Douglass : America's prophet
\"Frederick Douglass was born into slavery on Maryland's Eastern Shore and became an extraordinary champion of liberty and equality. Throughout his long life, Douglass was also a man of profound religious conviction. ... With an eye toward explaining how Douglass's religious beliefs shaped his influential public career, Dilbeck retells the story of Douglass's life\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Grzeczność kluczem do zyskania przychylności słuchaczy w oparciu o wykłady Tadeusza Zielińskiego (1859–1944)
Tadeusz Zieliński was an outstanding scholar specialising in Greek and Roman literature as well as an accomplished orator, though nowadays he is not always appreciated. The best example of his vast knowledge and oratorical talent is undoubtedly the cycle of eight lectures on the broadly conceived Antiquity. In those lectures, Zieliński discussed the ancient world in terms of scientific research, its influence on modern culture and its role in educating the young generation. In order to ensure the effectiveness of his message, he first had to win favour with the audience. His prestige in the scientific community greatly facilitated it, while the numerous rhetorical and linguistic devices he used guaranteed that his persuasive message brought the expected results. Coherent and logical composition, clear and vivid language, topoi, expressions and phrases aimed at reducing the distance between the sender and the receiver, adjusting the style to the audience, numerous examples, references to authoritative figures, among other things, played a vital role here. Such devices were as important as the contents of the text itself as they ensured the effectiveness of the communication.
Journal Article
James Farmer Jr. : the great debater
This book provides an argumentation study of the life of the \"great debater,\" James Farmer Jr. and analyzes his emergence as a debater in conjunction with the fight for racial equality. It shows how Farmer's rhetoric helped him lead the founding of the American Civil Rights Movement and other key events during this time.
Book
Orator and audience: an unrecognizable relationship
Televisual discourse represents a form of mass communication where the relationship between the orator and the audience is mediated by technology, significantly complicating the dynamics of interaction. In contrast to traditional discourse, where the orator and the audience share the same physical space and can interact directly, in the case of televisual discourse, this connection is indirect and impersonal. This article aims to explore the complexity and nature of the relationship between the speaker and the audience in the context of televisual discourse, considering both the variables that influence the perception and effectiveness of the discourse, as well as the unknown relationship between the sender and the receiver. The analysis focuses on several aspects: the lack of direct and instantaneous feedback, the variability of the audience, and the influence of technological mediation. This relationship, being filtered through a screen, remains partially unrecognizable, highlighting the need for new methods and approaches to improve the effectiveness and authenticity of televisual communication. Televisual discourse is characterized by the fact that the orator and the audience are not in direct contact, but communicate through a technological medium. This mediation creates a physical and psychological distance between the two actors. Therefore, the orator cannot adjust the message based on instant feedback. Through the synthesis of existing literature, we try to provide an integrated perspective on how orators adjust their messages and communication strategies based on the audience.
Journal Article