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"Organic architecture Germany."
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Hans Scharoun : buildings and projects
Hans Scharoun is one of the most important architects of the 20th century; as a proponent of organic architecture, he created unconventional and imaginative buildings which adapt to users' needs in a dynamic way. His oeuvre includes family residences and housing estates but also encompasses the German embassy in Brazil, and urban icons such as the Berlin Philharmonie. The book, a cooperation with Baukunstarchiv (the architecture archive) of the Akademie der Kèunste, Berlin, documents the entire range of known completed buildings by Scharoun, including, for the first time, early works in East Prussia. The specially taken photographs by Carsten Krohn, together with the historic photographs and plans from the Hans-Scharoun-Archive offer a new overview of this expressive organic architecture.
Book
A Multi-Analytical Characterization of Mortars from Kathmandu (Nepal) Historical Monuments
The historical monuments of the ‘City of Temples’ (Kathmandu) represent an intrinsic component of Nepal’s cultural heritage. The 2015 devastating Gorkha earthquake, besides human casualties, has led to a widespread demolition or partial damage of monuments at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the ones in Durbar squares. This study, through an integrated material characterization of masonry binders, used in four case monuments from Hanuman Dhoka and Patan Durbar squares, intends to contribute to the knowledge of the technological know-how of the past in order to maintain as much as possible the original traditions and to provide appropriate conservation strategies. The analytical characterization of the ancient mortars was carried out by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), petrographic analysis, X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The composition of the mortars has been determined and is in accordance with previous research in traditional materials used in the Nepalese architecture. Chromatographic techniques proved to be particularly important in the analysis of mortars with organic binders as they revealed the possible composition of the binding media, providing additional information valuable for the future conservation/restoration of the stone monuments of the ‘City of Temples’.
Journal Article
The Recycling and Reuse of Natural Materials: Sound Absorbing Box Patterns That Use Waste from Olive Tree Pruning
The agricultural activity of pruning olive trees generates waste which, due to long-standing practices and unawareness of the consequences, are burned on site, thereby producing CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Therefore, in order to prevent environmental pollution and a waste of resources, the aim of this research investigation was to highlight some alternative uses of the pruning of olive trees waste. This work focuses on recycled and reused by-products as a secondary raw material for the implementation of interior components that can be used for indoor acoustic correction purposes and evaluates their potential as absorbing materials, without overlooking the aesthetic dimension. In this paper, different configurations based on plywood frames with loose olive pruning chips used as a filler, namely, modules and sub-modules, were investigated. Moreover, other technological details, that is, the influence of a Tissue-Non-Tissue (TNT) layer and a spray film coating applied over the external surface of the loose material, were measured. Sound absorption measurements were conducted inside a small-scale reverberation room (SSRR) and the experimental results demonstrated that the samples, for the given thickness, have weighted sound absorption values (αw) of between 0.15 and 0.35 and single third-octave band values that can reach higher values than 0.50 above 500 Hz. The frequency curves and weighted values of the samples in which the influence of TNT and the spray film coating were tested remained unchanged. This is a design aspect that allows absorbing surfaces to be modeled and integrated with existing walls, while maintaining the acoustic performance and the specific aesthetic features of the loose material.
Journal Article
The building in the landscape
'Vernacular Architecture is specifically an image of the world, which makes present the environment in which life takes place, not in an abstract manner, but with a concrete poetic figuration...'
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