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Sync : the emerging science of spontaneous order
\"At once elegant and riveting, SYNC tells the story of the dawn of a new science. As one of its pioneers, Steven Strogatz, a leading mathematician in the fields of chaos and complexity theory, it explains how enormous systems can synchronize themselves, from the electrons in a superconductor to the pacemaker cells in our hearts. He shows that although these phenomena might seem unrelated on the surface, at a deeper level there is a connection, forged by the unifying power of mathematics.\"
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
COP (formerly bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia) causes respiratory symptoms, with pulmonary infiltrates that usually respond well to therapy, but it is often misdiagnosed. This review discusses the pathobiology, diagnosis, and treatment of COP.
Journal Article
A Survey on the Development of Self-Organizing Maps for Unsupervised Intrusion Detection
This paper describes a focused literature survey of self-organizing maps (SOM) in support of intrusion detection. Specifically, the SOM architecture can be divided into two categories, i.e., static-layered architectures and dynamic-layered architectures. The former one, Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps (HSOM), can effectively reduce the computational overheads and efficiently represent the hierarchy of data. The latter one, Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps (GHSOM), is quite effective for online intrusion detection with low computing latency, dynamic self-adaptability, and self-learning. The ultimate goal of SOM architecture is to accurately represent the topological relationship of data to identify any anomalous attack. The overall goal of this survey is to comprehensively compare the primitive components and properties of SOM-based intrusion detection. By comparing with the two SOM-based intrusion detection systems, we can clearly understand the existing challenges of SOM-based intrusion detection systems and indicate the future research directions.
Journal Article
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia complicated by pulmonary embolism following glucocorticoid therapy: a case report
Background
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), a rare interstitial lung disease, can mimic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), often leading to delayed diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of recognizing COP in elderly patients and brings attention to pulmonary embolism (PE) as a potential but underrecognized complication associated with glucocorticosteroid therapy, providing novel insights into hypercoagulability risks during treatment.
Case presentation
An 80-year-old woman from Xinjiang presented with a 4-week history of cough, dyspnea, and weight loss that was unresponsive to antibiotics. Chest Computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral subpleural consolidations with air bronchograms. Bronchoscopy ruled out infection, and a multidisciplinary evaluation confirmed COP based on clinical, radiological, and pathological correlation. Oral prednisone at 0.75 mg/kg/day led to symptom resolution within 14 days. However, during steroid tapering (10% weekly reduction), she developed hypoxemia at 3 months. CT angiography revealed segmental PE, despite the absence of conventional thrombosis risk factors. Treatment with anticoagulation and continued glucocorticoid therapy resulted in full recovery after 6 months.
Conclusions
Clinicians should consider COP in elderly patients with pneumonia unresponsive to antibiotics, confirm the diagnosis through biopsy, and remain vigilant for hypercoagulable states during glucocorticoid tapering. Anticoagulation should be tailored even in the absence of traditional thrombosis risk factors. The temporal association between steroid tapering and PE suggests that glucocorticoids may modulate endothelial function and coagulation pathways, highlighting the need for mechanistic studies to inform thromboembolic surveillance in COP management.
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 organising pneumonia: ‘Has there been a widespread failure to identify and treat this prevalent condition in COVID-19?’
Reviews of COVID-19 CT imaging along with postmortem lung biopsies and autopsies indicate that the majority of patients with COVID-19 pulmonary involvement have secondary organising pneumonia (OP) or its histological variant, acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia, both well-known complications of viral infections. Further, many publications on COVID-19 have debated the puzzling clinical characteristics of ‘silent hypoxemia’, ‘happy hypoxemics’ and ‘atypical ARDS’, all features consistent with OP. The recent announcement that RECOVERY, a randomised controlled trial comparing dexamethasone to placebo in COVID-19, was terminated early due to excess deaths in the control group further suggests patients present with OP given that corticosteroid therapy is the first-line treatment. Although RECOVERY along with other cohort studies report positive effects with corticosteroids on morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, treatment approaches could be made more effective given that secondary OP often requires prolonged duration and/or careful and monitored tapering of corticosteroid dose, with ‘pulse’ doses needed for the well-described fulminant subtype. Increasing recognition of this diagnosis will thus lead to more appropriate and effective treatment strategies in COVID-19, which may lead to a further reduction of need for ventilatory support and improved survival.
Journal Article
Growing Microtubules Push the Oocyte Nucleus to Polarize the Drosophila Dorsal-Ventral Axis
The Drosophila dorsal-ventral (DV) axis is polarized when the oocyte nucleus migrates from the posterior to the anterior margin of the oocyte. Prior work suggested that dynein pulls the nucleus to the anterior side along a polarized microtubule cytoskeleton, but this mechanism has not been tested. By imaging live oocytes, we find that the nucleus migrates with a posterior indentation that correlates with its direction of movement. Furthermore, both nuclear movement and the indentation depend on microtubule polymerization from centrosomes behind the nucleus. Thus, the nucleus is not pulled to the anterior but is pushed by the force exerted by growing microtubules. Nuclear migration and DV axis formation therefore depend on centrosome positioning early in oogenesis and are independent of anterior-posterior axis formation.
Journal Article