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"Orientation."
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You are here : why we can find our way to the Moon, but get lost in the mall
Psychologist Colin Ellard explains how, over centuries of innovation, we have lost our instinctive ability to find our way and suggests that architects and city planners need to consider human behavior when designing human environments, and we all need to recognize that we are part of, not isolated from, the space around us.
Book
Henry James and Queer Modernity
In Henry James and Queer Modernity, first published in 2003, Eric Haralson examines far-reaching changes in gender politics and the emergence of modern male homosexuality as depicted in the writings of Henry James and three authors who were greatly influenced by him: Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway. Haralson places emphasis on American masculinity as portrayed in fiction between 1875 and 1935, but the book also treats events in England, such as the Oscar Wilde trials, that had a major effect on American literature. He traces James's engagement with sexual politics from his first novels of the 1870s to his 'major phase' at the turn of the century. The second section of this study measures James's extraordinary impact on Cather's representation of 'queer' characters, Stein's theories of writing and authorship as a mode of resistance to modern sexual regulation, and Hemingway's very self-constitution as a manly American author.
eBook
In or out?
\"Directional words are important for young learners so that they can explain spatial concepts to others. In this charming book, they'll be able to practice the terms \"in\" and \"out\" as well as other vocabulary terms. They'll be aided in their vocabulary acquisition by bright pictures that offer visual clues to the accessible text as well as a clear understanding of why in and out are opposites.
Book
Orientation anisotropies in macaque visual areas
In mammals, a larger number of neurons in V1 are devoted to cardinal (horizontal and vertical) orientations than to oblique orientations. However, electrophysiological results from the macaque monkey visual cortex are controversial. Both isotropic and anisotropic orientation distributions have been reported. It is also unclear whether different visual areas along the visual hierarchy have different orientation anisotropies. We analyzed orientation maps in a large set of intrinsic signal optical imaging data and found that both V1 and V4 exhibited significant orientation anisotropies. However, their overrepresented orientations were very different: in V1, both cardinal and radial orientations were overrepresented, while in V4, only cardinal bias was presented. These findings suggest that different cortical areas have evolved to emphasize different features that are suitable for their functional purposes, a factor that needs to be considered when efforts are made to explain the relationships between the visual environment and the cortical representation and between the cortical representation and visual perception.
Journal Article
Front or back?
\"The concept of opposites is an important building block of early education. This brightly designed book explores opposites through the pairing of front and back. Familiar objects such as toys and animals are used as subjects, and simple sentences allow beginning readers to practice fluency and acquire new vocabulary. A concluding activity offers a chance for readers to assess their understanding\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unlocking the complementary effects of multiple strategic orientations on firm performance: an interplay of entrepreneurial, sustainability and market orientation
PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the interplay of multiple strategic orientations influences the growth-based performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The authors have specifically examined the direct and complementary effects of multiple strategic orientations [i.e. entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and sustainability orientation (SO)] on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe data have been collected from 410 SMEs operating in Pakistan.FindingsThe results revealed that the multiple strategic orientations (EO, SO and MO) have positive direct as well as complementary effects on SMEs' growth-based performance. Specifically, the joint effects of EO and MO were shown higher than other combinations and complementarities. Moreover, the direct effect of SO is found far lesser than the joint implementation of SO with either EO or MO.Originality/valueThis study provides key insights into corporate sustainability, strategic orientations and SME performance literature. The implications for theory, practice, policy and future research are discussed.
Journal Article
A neural basis of probabilistic computation in visual cortex
Bayesian models of behavior suggest that organisms represent uncertainty associated with sensory variables. However, the neural code of uncertainty remains elusive. A central hypothesis is that uncertainty is encoded in the population activity of cortical neurons in the form of likelihood functions. We tested this hypothesis by simultaneously recording population activity from primate visual cortex during a visual categorization task in which trial-to-trial uncertainty about stimulus orientation was relevant for the decision. We decoded the likelihood function from the trial-to-trial population activity and found that it predicted decisions better than a point estimate of orientation. This remained true when we conditioned on the true orientation, suggesting that internal fluctuations in neural activity drive behaviorally meaningful variations in the likelihood function. Our results establish the role of population-encoded likelihood functions in mediating behavior and provide a neural underpinning for Bayesian models of perception.
Journal Article
Wayfinding : the science and mystery of how humans navigate the world
\"At once far flung and intimate, a fascinating look at how finding our way make us human. In this compelling narrative, O'Connor seeks out neuroscientists, anthropologists and master navigators to understand how navigation ultimately gave us our humanity. Biologists have been trying to solve the mystery of how organisms have the ability to migrate and orient with such precision--especially since our own adventurous ancestors spread across the world without maps or instruments. O'Connor goes to the Arctic, the Australian bush and the South Pacific to talk to masters of their environment who seek to preserve their traditions at a time when anyone can use a GPS to navigate. O'Connor explores the neurological basis of spatial orientation within the hippocampus. Without it, people inhabit a dream state, becoming amnesiacs incapable of finding their way, recalling the past, or imagining the future. Studies have shown that the more we exercise our cognitive mapping skills, the greater the grey matter and health of our hippocampus. O'Connor talks to scientists studying how atrophy in the hippocampus is associated with afflictions such as impaired memory, dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, depression and PTSD. Wayfinding is a captivating book that charts how our species' profound capacity for exploration, memory and storytelling results in topophilia, the love of place\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The associations among market orientation, technology orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between three variables of strategic orientation (market orientation, technology orientation entrepreneurial orientation) and organizational performance in the Jordanian pharmaceutical sector.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a quantitative research design where 252 questionnaires were collected form respondents operating in various pharmaceutical companies in Jordan to obtain necessary data to test the hypotheses developed for the study. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the research data.
Findings
The results of the analysis revealed that strategic orientations were positively and significantly related to organizational performance. The findings also showed that market orientation contributed the most to the enhancement of organizational development followed by technology orientation and finally entrepreneurship orientation.
Practical implications
These findings contribute to the understanding of the importance of employing multiple strategic orientations in order to enhance organizational performance, particularly in pharmaceutical companies
Originality/value
This is the first study which adequately covers the relationship between three variables of strategic orientation (market orientation, technology orientation, entrepreneurial orientation) and organizational performance in the Jordanian pharmaceutical sector.
Journal Article