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Background Anterior open bite is a challenging condition for pediatric dentists and orthodontists as it causes aesthetic, speech, feeding, and psychological problems; this emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and interception of this malocclusion. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prefabricated metal-bonded tongue tamers and customized bonded spurs in the early treatment of anterior open bite. Materials and methods A sample of seventy-five children aged 7–9 years were assigned into three groups in which anterior open bite was treated using tongue tamers (group-I), customized composite bonded spurs(group-II), and conventional fixed palatal cribs (group-III). Study model and cephalometric x-ray evaluations were done before and after a three-month follow-up. Data was gathered and statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Results Model overbite at central and lateral incisors was increased in all groups. The highest increase was found in group-I(3.16 ± 1.17, 2.81 ± 0.94)and group-III(3.08 ± 1.10,2.99 ± 1.00) though the difference was not statistically significant. Also, cephalometric overbite was non-significantly increased in all groups with a high increase in group-III(3.13 ± 1.10). Overjet decreased in all groups, with the greatest reduction observed in group-I(-2.58 ± 1.02 and -2.47 ± 0.80 in model and cephalometric respectively) and was significantly different from group-II using pairwise analysis. There was a decrease in SNA and ANB in all groups with more significant improvement in groups-I(-1.20 ± 0.88,-1.65 ± 0.74) and -III(-1.31 ± 0.92, -1.62 ± 0.75) than group-II(-0.63 ± 0.46, -0.90 ± 0.43). Moreover, FMA measurements decreased significantly in group-I (-2.6 ± 1.11). Regarding SNB measurement, there was a non-significant increase in all three groups with the highest increase in group-I(0.49 ± 0.48) followed by group-III(0.34 ± 0.63). The U1/FHP and L1/GoGn angles were non-significantly decreased in all tested groups with the highest decrease in group-I(-1.76 ± 1.00 and-2.54 ± 0.87 respectively). Conclusion Early treatment of anterior open bite, along with tongue tamers' simplicity and aesthetics promoted the malocclusion correction and occlusal function restoration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05792553 , “Effects of Tongue Tamers as an Early Treatment of Anterior Open Bite”, Retrospectively registered: 31/03/2023.

Background: Elastodontics is a specific interceptive orthodontic treatment that uses removable elastomeric appliances. They are functional appliances that produce neuromuscular, orthopedic and dental effects. Thus, these devices are useful in the developmental age, when skeletal structures are characterized by important plasticity and adaptation capacity, allowing to remove factors responsible for malocclusions. Elastomeric devices are generally well tolerated by patients requiring simple collaboration and management. This work can be useful to update all orthodontists already adopting these appliances or for those who want to approach them for the first time. This study aimed to describe four cases treated with new elastomeric devices called AMCOP Bio-Activators and to provide an overview of elastodontics, its evolution, indications and limits. Methods: A total of four clinical cases were presented after a treatment period of 16–20 months to evaluate the clinical and radiological effects of the elastodontic therapy. Results: The effectiveness of Bio-Activators on clinical cases was evidenced with a significant improvement in skeletal and dentoalveolar relationship, and malocclusion correction in a limited treatment period (16–20 months). Conclusions: The Bio-Activators showed clinical effectiveness to achieve therapeutic targets according to a low impact on the patient’s compliance.

Randomised controlled trial. Patients between 8-13 years of age with either unilateral or bilateral PDC diagnosed on radiograph with the presence of mild crowding at the maxillary arch and/or molar relation showing Class II tendency were included. The head gear group (HG) used cervical pull headgear alone for one year for 12-14 hours a day, while the rapid maxillary expansion/headgear (RME/HG) group were treated with a banded rapid maxillary expander, (7 mm of active expansion; at the end of expansion all patients retained the expander for six months), followed by use of a cervical pull headgear as in the HG group. A control group received no active treatment. A successful outcome for PDC was defined as the full eruption of the tooth, thus permitting bracket positioning for final arch alignment at 18 months after the initial observation. Sixty of the 64 patients who entered the trial were available for final assessment. Successful eruption was 85.7% in the RME/HG group, 82.3% in the HG group and 36% in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the HG and RME/HG groups. The use of rapid maxillary expansion and headgear (or headgear alone) in PDC cases increases the success rate of eruption of the canine significantly (almost three times more than in untreated controls).

Recently, new strategies for treating class III malocclusions have appeared. Skeletal anchorage appears to reduce the dentoalveolar effects while maximising the orthopaedic effect in growing patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of bone anchorage devices for interceptive treatment of skeletal class III malocclusions. Searches were made in the Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases, as well as in a grey literature database, and were complemented by hand-searching. The criteria for eligibility were: patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment with skeletal anchorage (miniplates and miniscrews). Patients with syndromes or craniofacial deformities or who had undergone maxillofacial surgery were excluded. The following variables were recorded for each article: author, year of publication, type of study, sample size, dropouts, demographic variables, treatment carried out, radiographic study (2D or 3D), follow-up time, and quality of the articles on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The means and confidence intervals of the following variables were employed: Wits, overjet, ANB, SNA and SNB. Initially, 239 articles were identified. After removing the duplicates and applying the selection criteria, 9 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). It may be concluded that skeletal anchorage is an effective treatment for improving skeletal Class III malocclusion, but when compared with other traditional treatments such as disjunction and face mask, there is no clear evidence that skeletal anchorage improves the results.

Simona Tecco 1 and Alberto Baldini 2 and Enita Nakas 3 and Jasmina Primozic 4 1, Dental School, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy 2, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy 3, School of Dental Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4, University Clinical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Received 10 April 2017; Accepted 11 April 2017; 26 April 2017 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. G. Perinetti and L. Contardo, on the basis of a literature review, explain the current evidence and controversies on the efficiency of interceptive orthodontics and conclude that more favorable response is seen when subjects are treated during their pubertal growth spurt, mostly in skeletal Class II patients (even though high individual responsiveness remains).

Key Points Describes the updated national clinical guidelines for the management of the palatally ectopic maxillary canine. Presents up-to-date evidence to support the five possible treatment strategies. Reminds GDPs of their pivotal role in the management of the developing dentition. Educates dentists on the importance of early diagnosis of this specific dental anomaly in order to avoid complex remedial treatment and future litigation. This review summarises updated clinical guidelines produced by the Clinical Standards Committee of the Faculty of Dental Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons of England (FDSRCS). This guideline on the management of the palatally ectopic maxillary canine illustrates the information contained in the recently updated online version. The timely recognition of ectopic canines is important for the overall management of the dentition. This review illustrates five management strategies for ectopic permanent canines: interceptive treatment by extraction of the deciduous canine, surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment, surgical removal of the palatally ectopic permanent canine, auto-transplantation and no active treatment/leave and observe. The current available evidence for each of these management options has been evaluated and awarded a grade used by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.

Early correction of developing class III malocclusions remains a complex challenge. Treatment approaches for these young patients have been directed at growth modification. Encouraging outcomes have been reported with the use of Class III functional appliances including reverse twin block (RTB) appliance. The present paper tries to provide an insight into RTB appliance used for successful interceptive management of developing class III malocclusion in two children. RTBs were fabricated with bite registered in the position of maximum possible retrusion of mandible with interincisal clearance of 2 mm and vertical clearance of 5 mm in the buccal segments. Anterior crossbite was corrected, and there was a marked improvement in facial appearance of the children. RTB can be a viable and effective functional appliance treatment modality for early management of developing class III malocclusion.

The purpose of this article is to present the treatment of a 8-year-old boy with tooth ankylosis in teeth 85 and Class II division 1 malocclusion and to report a 10-year follow-up result. The patient was initially treated with a sagittal removable appliance, followed by an eruption guidance appliance and braces. The interceptive orthodontic treatment performed to recover the space lost by ankylosis of a deciduous tooth allowed a spontaneous eruption and prevented progression of the problem. The use of an eruption-guidance appliance corrected the dentoskeletal Class II, thus improving the patient's appearance. Besides the treatment producing a good occlusal relationship with the Class I molar, the correction of the overjet and overbite was stable over a ten-year period.

The aim of this cross-sectional outcome study using retrospective data capture of treatment histories was to examine the characteristics of young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had poor dental arch relationship (i.e., Goslon 5). The study sample comprised 120 children born with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1995 and 2003, and were aged between 5.0 and 7.0 years (mean age, 5.1 years) at the time of data collection. The dental arch relationship was assessed using the Goslon yardstick from intraoral dental photographs. An independent investigator recorded treatment histories from the clinical notes. The inter- and intraexaminer agreements evaluated by weighted kappa statistics were high. There was no association between dental arch relationship and the type of presurgical orthopedics or pharyngeal flap. Dental arch relationship was associated with the initial cleft size (odds ratio, OR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.1−1.5, p  < 0.01), surgeon grade for palate repair (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 1.2−19.9, p  < 0.05), and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.0−8.1, p  = 0.05). These data suggest that intraoral dental photographs provide a reliable method for rating dental arch relationship. Wide initial cleft, high-volume surgeon, and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty are predictors of poor dental arch relationship outcome in young children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. These findings may improve treatment outcome by modifying the treatment protocol for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Timing of orthodontic treatment, especially for children with developing class III malocclusions, has always been somewhat controversial, and definitive treatment tends to be delayed for severe class III cases. Developing class III patients with moderate to severe anterior crossbite and deep bite may need early intervention in some selected cases. Class III malocclusion may develop in children as a result of an inherent growth abnormality, i.e. true class III malocclusion, or as a result of premature occlusal contacts causing forward functional shift of the mandible, which is known as pseudo class III malocclusion. These cases, if not treated at the initial stage of development, interfere with normal growth of the jaw bases and may result in severe facial deformities. The treatment should be carried out as early as possible for permitting normal growth of the skeletal bases. This paper deals with the selection of an appropriate appliance from the various current options available for early intervention in developing class III malocclusion through two case reports.