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Other people : takes & mistakes
\"An intellectually thrilling and emotionally wrenching investigation of otherness: the need for one person to understand another person completely, the impossibility of any such absolute knowing, and the erotics of this separation. Can one person know another person? How do we live through other people? Is it possible to fill the gap between people? If not, can art fill that gap? Grappling with these questions, David Shields gives us a book that is something of a revelation: seventy-plus essays, written over the last thirty-five years, reconceived and recombined to form neither a miscellany nor a memoir but a sustained meditation on otherness. The book is divided into five sections: Men, Women, Athletes, Performers, Alter Egos. Whether he is writing about sexual desire or information sickness, George W. Bush or Kurt Cobain, women's eyeglasses or Greek tragedy, Howard Cosell or Bill Murray, the comedy of high school journalism or the agony of first love, Shields's sustained, piercing focus is on the multiplicity of perspectives informing any situation, on the irreducible log jam of human information, and on the possibilities, and impossibilities, for human connection\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Biochemistry: a cadmium enzyme from a marine diatom
The ocean biota contains a vast reservoir of genomic diversity. Here we present the sequence and preliminary characterization of a protein that is a cadmium-containing carbonic anhydrase from the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. The existence of a cadmium enzyme in marine phytoplankton may indicate that there is a unique selection pressure for metalloenzymes in the marine environment, and our discovery provides a long-awaited explanation for the nutrient-like behaviour of cadmium in the oceans.
Journal Article
Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212
In underdoped high-
T
C
superconducting copper oxides a pseudogap develops well above
T
C
. Whether the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the superconducting gap above
T
C
is one of the central questions in high-
T
C
research. A direct and unambiguous observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as function of temperature is discovered in underdoped Bi
2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
8+δ
.
The superconducting gap—an energy scale tied to the superconducting phenomena—opens on the Fermi surface at the superconducting transition temperature (
T
c
) in conventional BCS superconductors. In underdoped high-
T
c
superconducting copper oxides, a pseudogap (whose relation to the superconducting gap remains a mystery) develops well above
T
c
(refs
1
,
2
). Whether the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the superconducting gap above
T
c
is one of the central questions in high-
T
c
research
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
. Although some experimental evidence suggests that the two gaps are distinct
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
18
, this issue is still under intense debate. A crucial piece of evidence to firmly establish this two-gap picture is still missing: a direct and unambiguous observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as function of temperature. Here we report the discovery of such an energy gap in underdoped Bi
2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
8+
δ
in the momentum space region overlooked in previous measurements. Near the diagonal of Cu–O bond direction (nodal direction), we found a gap that opens at
T
c
and has a canonical (BCS-like) temperature dependence accompanied by the appearance of the so-called Bogoliubov quasi-particles, a classical signature of superconductivity. This is in sharp contrast to the pseudogap near the Cu–O bond direction (antinodal region) measured in earlier experiments
19
,
20
,
21
.
Journal Article
Monochromatic Electron Photoemission from Diamondoid Monolayers
We found monochromatic electron photoemission from large-area self-assembled monolayers of a functionalized diamondoid, [121]tetramantane-6-thiol. Photoelectron spectra of the diamondoid monolayers exhibited a peak at the low-kinetic energy threshold; up to 68% of all emitted electrons were emitted within this single energy peak. The intensity of the emission peak is indicative of diamondoids being negative electron affinity materials. With an energy distribution width of less than 0.5 electron volts, this source of monochromatic electrons may find application in technologies such as electron microscopy, electron beam lithography, and field-emission flat-panel displays.
Journal Article
Imaging Atomic Structure and Dynamics with Ultrafast X-ray Scattering
Measuring atomic-resolution images of materials with x-ray photons during chemical reactions or physical transformations resides at the technological forefront of x-ray science. New x-ray-based experimental capabilities have been closely linked with advances in x-ray sources, a trend that will continue with the impending arrival of x-ray-free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators. We discuss recent advances in ultrafast x-ray science and coherent imaging made possible by linear-accelerator-based light sources. These studies highlight the promise of ultrafast x-ray lasers, as well as the technical challenges and potential range of applications that will accompany these transformative x-ray light sources.
Journal Article
The 2.7-Angstrom crystal structure of a 194-kDa homodimeric fragment of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase
The x-ray crystal structure of a 194-kDa fragment from module 5 of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase has been solved at 2.7 Angstrom resolution. Each subunit of the homodimeric protein contains a full-length ketosynthase (KS) and acyl transferase (AT) domain as well as three flanking \"linkers.\" The linkers are structurally well defined and contribute extensively to intersubunit or interdomain interactions, frequently by means of multiple highly conserved residues. The crystal structure also reveals that the active site residue Cys-199 of the KS domain is separated from the active site residue Ser-642 of the AT domain by approximately 80 Angstrom. This distance is too large to be covered simply by alternative positioning of a statically anchored, fully extended phosphopantetheine arm of the acyl carrier protein domain from module 5. Thus, substantial domain reorganization appears necessary for the acyl carrier protein to interact successively with both the AT and the KS domains of this prototypical polyketide synthase module. The 2.7-Angstrom KS-AT structure is fully consistent with a recently reported lower resolution, 4.5-Angstrom model of fatty acid synthase structure, and emphasizes the close biochemical and structural similarity between polyketide synthase and fatty acid synthase enzymology.
Journal Article