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The Triassic red beds of the Tabular Cover of the Iberian Meseta are an excellent reservoir outcrop analogue, a direct consequence of high‐quality exposures, which offer exceptional three‐dimensional outcrops, as well as a wide variability of depositional environments. Fluvial and transitional with tide‐influenced and wave‐influenced settings are recognised. Three point bar geobodies of similar scale, but influenced by different processes, were selected from this succession. Point bar geobody 1 was influenced by purely fluvial processes while geobodies 2 and 3 were tide‐influenced. Both types of geobody were developed as point bar deposits in sinuous channels. A fully integrated study was carried out on these geobodies, utilising both outcrop and subsurface‐based approaches, to characterise the key differences between fluvial and tidal point bars in the sedimentary record. The outcrop‐based component involved traditional field data collection methods alongside digital techniques and data capture, including the use of digital outcrop models. Additionally, subsurface‐based methods were employed, utilising core and wireline logs obtained from wells drilled in close proximity to the outcrop. The integration of these approaches aims to accurately differentiate the depositional settings of the three different geobodies, which while apparently very similar in many key respects also exhibit considerable differences when considered from the perspective of subsurface management of potentially similar geobodies. This study also emphasises the need to clearly distinguish high‐sinuosity deposits based on their depositional sub‐environment in order to properly evaluate their potential for subsurface management. Additionally, it highlights the presence and importance of internal baffles that may well influence fluid migration and indeed even compartmentalise geobodies. Three point bar geobodies of similar scale, but influenced by different processes, have been selected in this succession. A fully integrated study was carried out on these geobodies, utilising both outcrop‐based and subsurface‐based approaches, to characterise the key differences between fluvial and tidal point bars in the sedimentary record.

Planktonic foraminifera assemblages were studied for biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene of Temburong Formation, Klias Peninsula, Sabah. The Temburong Formation is composed of mainly flysh-type argillaceous deposit intercalations of slightly calcareous pelagic shale. Recently we discovered abundance of moderate to well-preserved planktonic foraminifera at the measured section and its planktonic assemblages are useful for biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic studies of Temburong Formation. A total of nine samples of shale were collected from three outcrops and processed based on standard micropaleontology method. Twenty-eight species of planktonic foraminifera were identified and grouped into three zones, namely: P21-P22 Globorotalia opima opima-Globigerina angulisuturalis zone, N4 Globigerinoides primordius-Globigerinoides quadrilobatus zone, and N5-N6 Catapsydrax dissimilis-Globigerinoides altiapetura zone. For paleoclimate studies, the relative abundance of planktonic foraminifera was obtained and grouped into climatic indices namely cool, cool-temperate, warm, warm-temperate and none climatic diagnostic. The result shows the changes of planktonic foraminifera assemblages and the paleoclimatic indices through Oligocene-Miocene boundary. The cool climate indices were identified at the lower part of the study section of Upper Oligocene sediment and gradually shifted to warm climatic indices at Lower Miocene section.

The research location is part of the Kebo Butak Formation, where the outcrop is well-exposed in Kalinampu, Jarum Village, Bayat – Central Java. Nannofossil was prepared on 20 samples using gravity settling and observed under a light microscope with 1000x magnification. Nannofossil analysis of abundances and diversity in this area revealed 21 species and 7 genera. Biostratigraphic analysis showed that the Kebo Butak Formation in Kalinampu section can be divided into Furcatolithus predistentus Zone (CNO4/NP24), Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone (CNO5/NP25), Shenolithus delphix Zone (CNO6/NP25) and Discoaster druggii Zone (CNM1/NN1). These results confirm that the Kebo Butak Formation age was deposited in a marine environment during the Late Oligocene (26.93 Ma) to Early Miocene (23.06 Ma).

The eastern Brazilian Amazon contains many isolated ferruginous savanna ecosystem patches (locally known as 'canga vegetation') located on ironstone rocky outcrops on the top of plateaus and ridges, surrounded by tropical rainforests. In the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), these outcrops contain large iron ore reserves that have been exploited by opencast mining since the 1980s. The canga vegetation is particularly impacted by mining, since the iron ores that occur are associated with this type of vegetation and currently, little is known regarding the extent of canga vegetation patches before mining activities began. This information is important for quantifying the impact of mining, in addition to helping plan conservation programmes. Here, land cover changes of the Canga area in the CMP are evaluated by estimating the pre-mining area of canga patches and comparing it to the actual extent of canga patches. We mapped canga vegetation using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) from 1973 Landsat-1 MSS, 1984 and 2001 Landsat-5 TM, and 2016 Landsat-8 OLI images, and found that canga vegetation originally occupied an area of 144.2 km2 before mining exploitation. By 2016, 19.6% of the canga area was lost in the CMP due to conversion to other land-use types (mining areas, pasturelands). In the Carajás National Forest (CNF), located within the CMP, the original canga vegetation covered 105.2 km2 (2.55% of the CNF total area), and in 2016, canga vegetation occupied an area of 77.2 km2 (1.87%). Therefore, after more than three decades of mineral exploitation, less than 20% of the total canga area was lost. Currently, 21% of the canga area in the CMP is protected by the Campos Ferruginosos National Park. By documenting the initial extent of canga vegetation in the eastern Amazon and the extent to which it has been lost due to mining operations, the results of this work are the first step towards conserving this ecosystem.

The research focuses on the Klapanunggal Formation, composed of limestone in the West Java Basin, specifically in the Klapanunggal area, Klapanunggal District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. A massive limestone outcrop was found in this location. The method used is field data collection, stratigraphic cross-section measurement, and petrographic analysis. It aims to determine the facies characteristics, depositional environment, and association of the limestone facies of the Klapanunggal Formation. The results obtained from macroscopic and microscopic descriptions resulted in six (6) facies: Skeletal Wackestone, Skeletal Packstone, Benthic Foram Grainstone, Skeletal Rudstone, Coral Rudstone, and Bindstone. Then, the facies are classified into facies associations, resulting in three (3) facies associations: Platform Interior (Open Marine), Platform Margin Reef, and Slope.

\"Lucy\" is the now-famous moniker given 50 years ago to a fragmentary early hominin skeleton recovered from a hillside in the Horn of Africa. The fossilized remains of a diminutive female hominin were first spotted by Tom Gray, then a graduate student member of an American and French team that in the early 1970s was searching outcrops dating to 3 to 4 million years old near Hadar, Ethiopia, for evidence of human ancestors. A few years later, Lucy, along with the other early homi-nins recovered from Hadar and from Laetoli in Tanzania, was assigned to a novel species, Australopithecus afarensis, by Donald Johanson, founding director of the Institute of Human Origins, Tim D. White, now at the University of California, Berkeley, and the late Yves Coppens, who had been a professor at the College de France.

Heterogeneous catalysts with highly dispersed active particles on supports often face stability challenges during high-temperature industrial applications. The ex-solution strategy, which involves in situ extrusion of metals to form socketed particles, shows potential for addressing this stability issue. However, a deeper understanding of the relationship between the socketed geometry of these partially embedded nanoparticles and their catalytic performance is still lacking. Here, in situ transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations are utilized to investigate the oxygen-induced ex-solution process of Pd-doped LaAlO 3 with varying concentrations of La vacancies (La x Al 0.9 Pd 0.1 O 3-δ ). We find that the socketed geometry of Pd-based particles can be tuned by manipulating the levels of La deficiencies in the oxide support, which in turn influences the catalytic performance in high-temperature oxidation reactions. As for the socketed particles, the balance between particle size and outcrop height is crucial for determining the oxidation activity and sinter-resistance behavior. Consequently, the optimized catalyst, La 0.8 Al 0.9 Pd 0.1 O 3-δ , exhibits superior catalytic performances, particularly high stability (still working after aging at 1000 °C for 50 h) and water resistance in various combustion reactions (e.g., CH 4 oxidation and C 3 H 8 oxidation). Nanoparticles with precisely controlled socketed geometries, created via an ex-solution method, present promising ways to improve the stability of heterogeneous catalysts. Here, the authors demonstrate that adjusting the level of La deficiencies in the oxide support allows tuning of the geometry of Pd-based particles, which in turn influences their catalytic performance in high-temperature oxidation reactions.

Context Many carnivores are attracted to rugged terrain, rocky areas, and conspicuous relief features. However, most of the previous research is limited to general topographical habitat characteristics and rarely consider the effects of microhabitat characteristics. Objectives We used the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) as a model species to investigate the effects of microhabitat characteristics and human infrastructure on habitat selection. We also tested whether there is evidence for a functional response in habitat selection across a large gradient of habitat availability. Methods We developed a new approach for detecting rocky outcrops from airborne LiDAR data. In combination with other remote sensing techniques and GPS-telemetry data, we assessed lynx habitat selection and functional responses across two geologically contrasting areas in Europe. Results We detected > 1 million rocky outcrops and confirmed their strong selection by lynx. Lynx also selected steep, rugged, and rocky areas, especially for day-resting sites. Furthermore, lynx avoided paths during the day but selected them and other linear anthropogenic infrastructure during the night, indicating the behaviour-specific impact of human infrastructure. We also observed a functional response in the selection of rocky and rugged areas, as lynx’ selection of such habitats increased with their lower availability. This highlights the importance of preserving such terrains, especially when they are rare in a landscape. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of incorporating remote sensing techniques and data on microhabitat features in animal habitat selection research. We also recommend caution when developing new infrastructure for human recreation or promoting its use near geomorphological features and in rugged terrain.

Mapping lithology and geological structures accurately remains a challenge in difficult terrain or in active mining areas. We demonstrate that the integration of terrestrial and drone-borne multi-sensor remote sensing techniques significantly improves the reliability, safety, and efficiency of geological activities during exploration and mining monitoring. We describe an integrated workflow to produce a geometrically and spectrally accurate combination of a Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo point cloud and hyperspectral data cubes in the visible to near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR), as well as long-wave infrared (LWIR) ranges acquired by terrestrial and drone-borne imaging sensors. Vertical outcrops in a quarry in the Freiberg mining district, Saxony (Germany), featuring sulfide-rich hydrothermal zones in a granitoid host, are used to showcase the versatility of our approach. The image data are processed using spectroscopic and machine learning algorithms to generate meaningful 2.5D (i.e., surface) maps that are available to geologists on the ground just shortly after data acquisition. We validate the remote sensing data with thin section analysis and laboratory X-ray diffraction, as well as point spectroscopic data. The combination of ground- and drone-based photogrammetric and hyperspectral VNIR, SWIR, and LWIR imaging allows for safer and more efficient ground surveys, as well as a better, statistically sound sampling strategy for further structural, geochemical, and petrological investigations.

The existence of active faults along the Sumatran fault has an impact on tectonic activities such as earthquakes and the formation of pull-apart along the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF). The Great Sumatran Fault is segmented into 19 segments. Fourteen segments of which are pull-apart. One of the pull-apart amongofthe GSF is the Singkarak pull-apart which is located on the Sumani segment. Magnetic and gravitational methods are appropriate geophysical methods used to determine rock structures below the earth’s surface. The subsurface structure of the Singkarak pull-apart analysis needed to identify potential future basins. Based on the analysis of the low magnetic anomaly closures on both sides of Lake Singkarak, this study has also succeeded in identifying the presence of a less dense Quaternary Coluvium volcanic deposition outcrop and concluded that the displacement of about 18± 3 km was resulted from a strike-slip process in the past. Furthermore, Lake Singkarak is estimated to have experienced an opening as far as 8 ±1 km which is based on the maximum width of the model profile that passes through the middle of Lake Singkarak.